面试题

二叉树遍历总结(未完待续...)

2017-03-11  本文已影响112人  kegumingxin

leetcode上对于二叉树遍历有如下几种类型的题目:

Binary Tree Preorder Traversal
Binary Tree Inorder Traversal
Binary Tree Postorder Traversal

1、二叉树前序遍历(递归):
# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode(object):
#     def __init__(self, x):
#         self.val = x
#         self.left = None
#         self.right = None

class Solution(object):
    def preorderTraversal(self, root):
        
        :type root: TreeNode
        :rtype: List[int]
        return self.preorder(root, [])

    def preorder(self, root, res):
        # 先遍历根,随后左子树,最后右子树
        if root == None:
            return res
        res.append(root.val)
        self.preorder(root.left, res)
        self.preorder(root.right, res)
        return res
    ```

#####2、二叉树中序遍历(递归):
  -  思想:先遍历左子树 ,随后遍历根,最后右子树

Definition for a binary tree node.

class TreeNode(object):

def init(self, x):

self.val = x

self.left = None

self.right = None

class Solution(object):
def inorderTraversal(self, root):
"""
:type root: TreeNode
:rtype: List[int]
"""
return self.inorder(root, [])

def inorder(self, root, res):
    # 中序遍历,先遍历左子树,然后遍历根,最后是右子树
    if root == None:
        return res
    self.inorder(root.left, res)
    res.append(root.val)
    self.inorder(root.right, res)
    return res

#####3、二叉树后序遍历(递归):
  -  思想:先遍历左子树,随后遍历右子树,最后遍历根

Definition for a binary tree node.

class TreeNode(object):

def init(self, x):

self.val = x

self.left = None

self.right = None

class Solution(object):
def postorderTraversal(self, root):
"""
:type root: TreeNode
:rtype: List[int]
"""
return self.postorder(root, [])

def postorder(self, root, res):
    # 前序遍历,先遍历左子树,随后是右子树,最后遍历根
    if root == None:
        return res
    self.postorder(root.left, res)
    self.postorder(root.right, res)
    res.append(root.val)
    return res

#####4、二叉树前序遍历(非递归):
- 维护一个栈stack和当前结点root,访问当前结点
- **只要root的左子树不为空**,将root入栈,同时root左子树成为新的当前结点
- 左子树为空时,将栈的第一个结点pop,并且当前结点设为pop出来结点的右子树
- 循环上述几个步骤,直到栈为空

class Solution(object):
def preorderTraversal(self, root):
"""
:type root: TreeNode
:rtype: List[int]
"""
res, stack = [],[]
while 1:
while root:
res.append(root.val)
stack.append(root)
root = root.left #左子树成为新的root
if not stack:
# 栈为空返回
return res
root = stack.pop()
root = root.right #左子树为空,开始遍历右子树

#####5、二叉树中序遍历(非递归):
-维护一个栈stack和当前结点root
- 只要root的左子树不为空,将root入栈,同时root左子树成为新的当前结点
- 左子树为空时,将栈的第一个结点pop,同时访问改pop结点,并且当前结点设为pop出来结点的右子树
- 循环上述几个步骤,直到栈为空

class Solution(object):
def inorderTraversal(self, root):
"""
:type root: TreeNode
:rtype: List[int]
"""
res,stack = [],[]
while 1:
while root:
stack.append(root) #左子树不为空入栈
root = root.left # 左子树成为新的root
if not stack:
return res
root = stack.pop()
res.append(root.val) #先遍历左子树
root = root.right


#####6.1、二叉树后序遍历(非递归)- two stack:
- 维护两个栈stack1,stack2,将root先入栈stack1
- 栈顶出栈压入stack2, 同时将栈顶元素的左右子树依次压入stack1
- 循环上述操作,直到stack1为空
- 最后依次pop  stack2中的元素即可得到最终结果

class Solution(object):
def postorderTraversal(self, root):
"""
:type root: TreeNode
:rtype: List[int]
"""
# 维护两个栈stack1,stack2,将根结点先进行入栈stack1
# 取出栈顶元素,并压入stack2
# 同时将栈顶元素的左右子树依次入stack1
# 循环上述步骤直到stack1为空
if not root:
return []
stack1,stack2 = [],[]
stack1.append(root)
while stack1:
root = stack1.pop()
stack2.append(root)
if root.left:
stack1.append(root.left)
if root.right:
stack1.append(root.right)
# return [stack2[i].val for i in range(len(stack2)-1,-1,-1)]
return [root.val for root in stack2[::-1]]

#####6.2、二叉树后序遍历(非递归)- one stack:
- 维护一个栈stack, 当前结点root, **前一结点pre(初始为空)**, 先将root入栈
- 如果当前结点的左右子树为空,或当前结点有左子树或者右子树,但是左或右子树已经被访问过,则可以访问该结点
- 如果不是上述情况,将当前结点的右孩子和左孩子依次入栈,这样可以保证每次访问时,左子树都先被访问


class Solution(object):
def postorderTraversal(self, root):
"""
:type root: TreeNode
:rtype: List[int]
"""
res, stack, pre = [],[],None
stack.append(root) #根先入栈
if not root:
# root为空
return []
while stack:
# stack 非空
root = stack[-1] # 取栈顶元素
if (root.left == None and root.right == None) or (pre != None and (root.left == pre or root.right == pre)):
res.append(root.val)
stack.pop()
pre = root
else:
if root.right:
stack.append(root.right)
if root.left:
stack.append(root.left)
return res


参考资料:
[1] http://www.cnblogs.com/dolphin0520/archive/2011/08/25/2153720.html
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