如何绑定页面生命周期(一)-Glide实现
Glide中一个重要的特性,就是Request可以随着Activity或Fragment的onStart而resume,onStop而pause,onDestroy而clear。从而节约流量和内存,并且防止内存泄露,这一切都由Glide在内部实现了。用户唯一要注意的是,Glide.with()方法中尽量传入Activity或Fragment,而不是Application,不然没办法进行生命周期管理。
因为对Glide绑定生命周期的原理很感兴趣,所以看了一些源码解析的文章,也读了Glide的相关源码。发现大多数对于Glide生命周期绑定原理的介绍,是直接通过源码一步步的介绍。个人感觉这样没有重点,容易迷失在代码流程细节中。
所以这篇文章通过另外一种方式介绍Glide生命周期管理的原理,即通过提问解答的方式,带着问题阅读,更加具有针对性。介绍完了原理之后,我们通过基于Glide生命周期感知的原理,实现了一个仿Glide生命周期管理框架的demo,进一步加深巩固之前所学知识点。所以,本文介绍主要分为两个部分:
- Glide生命周期管理原理
- 仿Glide自定义生命周期管理框架实践
Glide生命周期管理原理
这里的话,我主要提了三个问题:
- 总体实现原理
- 如何绑定生命周期
- 如何传递生命周期
下面通过解答这三个问题,让我们一起来探究下Glide绑定生命周期的实现原理。本文以Activity为例进行讲解。
总体实现原理
基于当前Activity添加无UI的Fragment,通过Fragment接收Activity传递的生命周期。Fragment和RequestManager基于Lifecycle建立联系,并传递生命周期事件,实现生命周期感知。分析上述的原理,可以归纳为两个方面:
- 如何基于当前传入Activity生成无UI的Fragment,即如何实现对页面的周期绑定。
- 无UI的fragment如何将生命周期传递给RequestManager,即如何实现生命周期传递。
如何绑定生命周期
使用Glide时,我们通过Glide.with(Activity activity)
的方式传入页面引用,让我们看下with(Activity activity)
方法的实现:
public static RequestManager with(Activity activity) {
RequestManagerRetriever retriever = RequestManagerRetriever.get();
return retriever.get(activity);
}
with(Activity activity)
在方法体内先获取了RequestManagerRetriever
实例retriever
,然后通过retriever
去调用成员函数get(activity)
。接下来我们看下get(activity)
的实现:
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB)
public RequestManager get(Activity activity) {
if (Util.isOnBackgroundThread() || Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
return get(activity.getApplicationContext());
} else {
assertNotDestroyed(activity);
// 获取当前Activity的FragmentManager
android.app.FragmentManager fm = activity.getFragmentManager();
return fragmentGet(activity, fm);
}
}
我们看上面函数方法体代码,当应用在后台或系统低于HONEYCOMB版本,则直接绑定应用的生命周期,这里我们主要看else部分的代码。
首先,通过传入的activity引用,获取当前页面的FragmentManager,然后将当前页面的引用和刚生成的FragmentManager对象引用,作为参数一起传入fragmentGet(activity, fm)
方法。下面看下fragmentGet(activity, fm)
的具体实现:
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB)
RequestManager fragmentGet(Context context, android.app.FragmentManager fm) {
// 基于当前activity注册无UI的RequestManagerFragment
RequestManagerFragment current = getRequestManagerFragment(fm);
// 生成RequestManager
RequestManager requestManager = current.getRequestManager();
if (requestManager == null) {
// 通过current.getLifecycle()获取fragment的lifecycle,传入requestManager,将fragment和requestManager建立联系
requestManager = new RequestManager(context, current.getLifecycle(), current.getRequestManagerTreeNode());
current.setRequestManager(requestManager);
}
return requestManager;
}
上述方法具体执行的步骤,如上注释所示:
- 基于当前activity注册无UI的RequestManagerFragment
- 生成RequestManager,通过current.getLifecycle()获取fragment的lifecycle,传入requestManager,将fragment和requestManager建立联系
这里有两点需要我们关注下:
- 通过
getRequestManagerFragment(fm)
生成无UI的fragment
生成fragment时,最终会调用到RequestManagerFragment
的构造方法,实现形式如下:
public RequestManagerFragment() {
this(new ActivityFragmentLifecycle());
}
// For testing only.
@SuppressLint("ValidFragment")
RequestManagerFragment(ActivityFragmentLifecycle lifecycle) {
this.lifecycle = lifecycle;
}
构造fragment时,会同时初始化成员变量lifecycle
。
- 生成RequestManager对象时,通过
current.getLifecycle()
获取fragment的成员lifecycle,作为参数传入RequestManager构造函数。
public RequestManager(Context context, Lifecycle lifecycle, RequestManagerTreeNode treeNode) {
this(context, lifecycle, treeNode, new RequestTracker(), new ConnectivityMonitorFactory());
}
RequestManager(Context context, final Lifecycle lifecycle, RequestManagerTreeNode treeNode,
RequestTracker requestTracker, ConnectivityMonitorFactory factory) {
this.context = context.getApplicationContext();
this.lifecycle = lifecycle;
this.treeNode = treeNode;
this.requestTracker = requestTracker;
this.glide = Glide.get(context);
this.optionsApplier = new OptionsApplier();
ConnectivityMonitor connectivityMonitor = factory.build(context,
new RequestManagerConnectivityListener(requestTracker));
// If we're the application level request manager, we may be created on a background thread. In that case we
// cannot risk synchronously pausing or resuming requests, so we hack around the issue by delaying adding
// ourselves as a lifecycle listener by posting to the main thread. This should be entirely safe.
if (Util.isOnBackgroundThread()) {
new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
lifecycle.addListener(RequestManager.this);
}
});
} else {
lifecycle.addListener(this);
}
lifecycle.addListener(connectivityMonitor);
}
可见在RequestManager初始化时,调用了lifecycle.addListener(this)
,将自己的引用存入lifecycle,从而实现与fragment关联。
建立了联系,下面我们看下生命周期是如何传递的。
如何传递生命周期
通过上面生命周期绑定的流程,我们已经知道通过ActivityFragmentLifecycle,将空白Fragment和RequestManager建立了联系。因为空白fragment注册在页面上,其可以感知页面的生命周期。下面我们来看下如何从空白fragment,将生命周期传递给RequestManager,从而对Request进行管理。
首先,我们来看空白RequestManagerFragment生命周期回调方法:
...
@Override
public void onStart() {
super.onStart();
lifecycle.onStart();
}
@Override
public void onStop() {
super.onStop();
lifecycle.onStop();
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
lifecycle.onDestroy();
}
...
我们看到会调用其成员对象lifecycle相关对应生命周期的回调方法,这里我们以onStart()为例,看一下ActivityFragmentLifecycle中的方法实现:
void onStart() {
isStarted = true;
for (LifecycleListener lifecycleListener : Util.getSnapshot(lifecycleListeners)) {
lifecycleListener.onStart();
}
}
可见回调lifeCycleListener中的相关方法,因为RequestManager实现了lifeCycleListener接口。且在绑定阶段,在RequestManager的构造方法中,将RequestManager加入到了lifeCycle中。故回调lifeCycleListener中的相关方法,可以调用到它里面的对request生命周期进行管理的方法。由此,实现了Request对生命周期的感知。
/**
* Lifecycle callback that registers for connectivity events (if the android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
* permission is present) and restarts failed or paused requests.
*/
@Override
public void onStart() {
// onStart might not be called because this object may be created after the fragment/activity's onStart method.
resumeRequests();
}
/**
* Lifecycle callback that unregisters for connectivity events (if the android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
* permission is present) and pauses in progress loads.
*/
@Override
public void onStop() {
pauseRequests();
}
/**
* Lifecycle callback that cancels all in progress requests and clears and recycles resources for all completed
* requests.
*/
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
requestTracker.clearRequests();
}
基于生命周期传递的过程,画了下生命周期传递的示意图,如下所示:
生命周期传递几个核心类介绍
通过对Glide生命周期绑定和传递整个流程过了一遍之后,大家应该对整体实现的框架有一定的了解。现在再来看下面一些核心类的介绍,应该更加有感触。
- Glide:库提供对外调用方法的类,传入页面引用。
- RequestManagerRetriever:一个处理中间类,获取RequestManager和RequestManagerFragment,并将两者绑定
- RequestManagerFragment:无UI的fragment,与RequestManager绑定,感知并传递页面的生命周期
- RequestManager:实现了LifeCycleListener,主要作用为结合Activity或Fragment生命周期,对Request进行管理,如pauseRequests(), resumeRequests(), clearRequests()。
- LifecycleListener:接口,定义生命周期管理方法,onStart(), onStop(), onDestroy(). RequestManager实现了它。
- ActivityFragmentLifecycle:保存fragment和Requestmanager映射关系的类,管理LifecycleListener, 空白Fragment会回调它的onStart(), onStop(), onDestroy()。
生命周期管理框架实践
理解了Glide的生命周期管理框架的实现原理,下面我们来自己实现一个简单的绑定页面Activity的生命周期管理框架。
- 定义对外调用类LifecycleDetector,单例模式获取类实例。
public class LifecycleDetector {
static final String FRAGMENT_TAG = "com.bumptech.glide.manager";
private static volatile LifecycleDetector sInstance;
public static LifecycleDetector getInstance() {
if (sInstance == null) {
synchronized (LifecycleDetector.class) {
if (sInstance == null) {
sInstance = new LifecycleDetector();
}
}
}
return sInstance;
}
public void observer(Activity activity, LifecycleListener lifecycleListener) {
// 获取当前activity的FragmentManager
android.app.FragmentManager fm = activity.getFragmentManager();
// 注册无UI的fragment
LifecycleManagerFragment current = getRequestManagerFragment(fm);
current.getLifecycle().addListener(lifecycleListener);
}
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR1)
LifecycleManagerFragment getRequestManagerFragment(final android.app.FragmentManager fm) {
LifecycleManagerFragment current = (LifecycleManagerFragment) fm.findFragmentByTag(FRAGMENT_TAG);
if (current == null) {
if (current == null) {
current = new LifecycleManagerFragment();
fm.beginTransaction().add(current, FRAGMENT_TAG).commitAllowingStateLoss();
}
}
return current;
}
}
- 定义接口Lifecycle和其实现类ActivityFragmentLifecycle
// 接口
public interface Lifecycle {
void addListener(LifecycleListener listener);
}
// 实现类,保存fragment和Requestmanager映射关系的类,管理LifecycleListener
public class ActivityFragmentLifecycle implements Lifecycle {
private final Set<LifecycleListener> lifecycleListeners =
Collections.newSetFromMap(new WeakHashMap<LifecycleListener, Boolean>());
private boolean isStarted;
private boolean isDestroyed;
@Override
public void addListener(LifecycleListener listener) {
lifecycleListeners.add(listener);
if (isDestroyed) {
listener.onDestroy();
} else if (isStarted) {
listener.onStart();
} else {
listener.onStop();
}
}
void onStart() {
isStarted = true;
for (LifecycleListener lifecycleListener : Util.getSnapshot(lifecycleListeners)) {
lifecycleListener.onStart();
}
}
void onStop() {
isStarted = false;
for (LifecycleListener lifecycleListener : Util.getSnapshot(lifecycleListeners)) {
lifecycleListener.onStop();
}
}
void onDestroy() {
isDestroyed = true;
for (LifecycleListener lifecycleListener : Util.getSnapshot(lifecycleListeners)) {
lifecycleListener.onDestroy();
}
}
}
- 定义空白Fragment(LifecycleManagerFragment)
public class LifecycleManagerFragment extends Fragment {
private final ActivityFragmentLifecycle lifecycle;
public LifecycleManagerFragment() {
this(new ActivityFragmentLifecycle());
}
// For testing only.
@SuppressLint("ValidFragment")
LifecycleManagerFragment(ActivityFragmentLifecycle lifecycle) {
this.lifecycle = lifecycle;
}
public ActivityFragmentLifecycle getLifecycle() {
return lifecycle;
}
@Override
public void onStart() {
super.onStart();
lifecycle.onStart();
}
@Override
public void onStop() {
super.onStop();
lifecycle.onStop();
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
lifecycle.onDestroy();
}
}
- 定义LifecycleListener
public interface LifecycleListener {
/**
* Callback for when {@link android.app.Fragment#onStart()}} or {@link android.app.Activity#onStart()} is called.
*/
void onStart();
/**
* Callback for when {@link android.app.Fragment#onStop()}} or {@link android.app.Activity#onStop()}} is called.
*/
void onStop();
/**
* Callback for when {@link android.app.Fragment#onDestroy()}} or {@link android.app.Activity#onDestroy()} is
* called.
*/
void onDestroy();
}
当以上框架所需的类定义好了之后,我们定义一个Test类实现LifecycleListener接口。然后在Activity页面中,比如onCreate方法中实现如下代码:
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Test test = new Test();
LifecycleDetector.getInstance().observer(this, test);
}
之后,我们就可以在Test监听Activity页面的生命周期变化了。具体框架的一个类图如下所示:
仿Glide生命周期框架具体工程代码可以从这里获取:CustomGlideLifecycleDemo
结束
至此,关于Glide如何绑定页面生命周期的原理讲解结束。在下一篇文章,将会介绍绑定页面生命周期的另一种方式,即基于Android Architecture Components框架的Lifecycle实现生命周期绑定,敬请期待。