Python3 SMTP发送邮件

2018-12-06  本文已影响6人  S大偉

SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)即简单邮件传输协议,它是一组用于由源地址到目的地址传送邮件的规则,由它来控制信件的中转方式。
python的smtplib提供了一种很方便的途径发送电子邮件。它对smtp协议进行了简单的封装。
Python创建 SMTP 对象语法如下:

import smtplib

smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP( [host [, port [, local_hostname]]] )

参数说明:

Python SMTP对象使用sendmail方法发送邮件,语法如下:

SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options]

参数说明:

实例

#!/usr/bin/python3
 
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
 
sender = 'from@runoob.com'
receivers = ['429240967@qq.com']  # 接收邮件,可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱
 
# 三个参数:第一个为文本内容,第二个 plain 设置文本格式,第三个 utf-8 设置编码
message = MIMEText('Python 邮件发送测试...', 'plain', 'utf-8')
message['From'] = Header("菜鸟教程", 'utf-8')     # 发送者
message['To'] =  Header("测试", 'utf-8')          # 接收者
 
subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
 
 
try:
    smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
    smtpObj.login(sender, "password",)
    smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
    print ("邮件发送成功")
except smtplib.SMTPException:
    print ("Error: 无法发送邮件")

使用三个引号来设置邮件信息,标准邮件需要三个头部信息: From, To, 和 Subject ,每个信息直接使用空行分割。
通过实例化 smtplib 模块的 SMTP 对象 smtpObj 来连接到 SMTP 访问,并使用 sendmail 方法来发送信息。


sendEmail.png

如果我们本机没有 sendmail 访问,也可以使用其他服务商的 SMTP 访问(QQ、网易、Google等)。

#!/usr/bin/python3
 
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
 
# 第三方 SMTP 服务
mail_host="smtp.XXX.com"  #设置服务器
mail_user="XXXX"    #用户名
mail_pass="XXXXXX"   #口令 
 
 
sender = 'from@runoob.com'
receivers = ['429240967@qq.com']  # 接收邮件,可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱
 
message = MIMEText('Python 邮件发送测试...', 'plain', 'utf-8')
message['From'] = Header("菜鸟教程", 'utf-8')
message['To'] =  Header("测试", 'utf-8')
 
subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
 
 
try:
    smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP() 
    smtpObj.connect(mail_host, 25)    # 25 为 SMTP 端口号
    smtpObj.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
    smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
    print ("邮件发送成功")
except smtplib.SMTPException:
    print ("Error: 无法发送邮件")

使用Python发送HTML格式的邮件

Python发送HTML格式的邮件与发送纯文本消息的邮件不同之处就是将MIMEText中_subtype设置为html。具体代码如下:

#!/usr/bin/python3
 
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
 
sender = 'from@runoob.com'
receivers = ['429240967@qq.com']  # 接收邮件,可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱
 
mail_msg = """
<p>Python 邮件发送测试...</p>
<p><a href="http://www.runoob.com">这是一个链接</a></p>
"""
message = MIMEText(mail_msg, 'html', 'utf-8')
message['From'] = Header("菜鸟教程", 'utf-8')
message['To'] =  Header("测试", 'utf-8')
 
subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
 
 
try:
    smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
    smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
    print ("邮件发送成功")
except smtplib.SMTPException:
    print ("Error: 无法发送邮件")
htmlEmail.png

Python 发送带附件的邮件

发送带附件的邮件,首先要创建MIMEMultipart()实例,然后构造附件,如果有多个附件,可依次构造,最后利用smtplib.smtp发送。

#!/usr/bin/python3
 
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header
 
sender = 'from@runoob.com'
receivers = ['429240967@qq.com']  # 接收邮件,可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱
 
#创建一个带附件的实例
message = MIMEMultipart()
message['From'] = Header("菜鸟教程", 'utf-8')
message['To'] =  Header("测试", 'utf-8')
subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
 
#邮件正文内容
message.attach(MIMEText('这是菜鸟教程Python 邮件发送测试……', 'plain', 'utf-8'))
 
# 构造附件1,传送当前目录下的 test.txt 文件
att1 = MIMEText(open('test.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
# 这里的filename可以任意写,写什么名字,邮件中显示什么名字
att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="test.txt"'
message.attach(att1)
 
# 构造附件2,传送当前目录下的 runoob.txt 文件
att2 = MIMEText(open('runoob.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
att2["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att2["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="runoob.txt"'
message.attach(att2)
 
try:
    smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
    smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
    print ("邮件发送成功")
except smtplib.SMTPException:
    print ("Error: 无法发送邮件")
sendFileEmail.png

在 HTML 文本中添加图片

邮件的 HTML 文本中一般邮件服务商添加外链是无效的,正确添加图片的实例如下所示:

#!/usr/bin/python3
 
import smtplib
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
 
sender = 'from@runoob.com'
receivers = ['429240967@qq.com']  # 接收邮件,可设置为你的QQ邮箱或者其他邮箱
 
msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
msgRoot['From'] = Header("菜鸟教程", 'utf-8')
msgRoot['To'] =  Header("测试", 'utf-8')
subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
msgRoot['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
 
msgAlternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msgRoot.attach(msgAlternative)
 
 
mail_msg = """
<p>Python 邮件发送测试...</p>
<p><a href="http://www.runoob.com">菜鸟教程链接</a></p>
<p>图片演示:</p>
<p><img src="cid:image1"></p>
"""
msgAlternative.attach(MIMEText(mail_msg, 'html', 'utf-8'))
 
# 指定图片为当前目录
fp = open('test.png', 'rb')
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()
 
# 定义图片 ID,在 HTML 文本中引用
msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')
msgRoot.attach(msgImage)
 
try:
    smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('localhost')
    smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, msgRoot.as_string())
    print ("邮件发送成功")
except smtplib.SMTPException:
    print ("Error: 无法发送邮件")
sendEmailHtmlImage.png

使用第三方 SMTP 服务发送

(这一步我没有测试,因为前面我是用腾讯企业邮箱往自己QQ邮箱发送的)
这里使用了 QQ 邮箱(你也可以使用 163,Gmail等)的 SMTP 服务,需要做以下配置:


qqmail-set2.jpg

QQ 邮箱通过生成授权码来设置密码:


qqmail-set.jpg

QQ 邮箱 SMTP 服务器地址:smtp.qq.com,ssl 端口:465。
以下实例你需要修改:发件人邮箱(你的QQ邮箱),密码,收件人邮箱(可发给自己)。

#!/usr/bin/python3
 
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import formataddr
 
my_sender='429240967@qq.com'    # 发件人邮箱账号
my_pass = 'xxxxxxxxxx'              # 发件人邮箱密码
my_user='429240967@qq.com'      # 收件人邮箱账号,我这边发送给自己
def mail():
    ret=True
    try:
        msg=MIMEText('填写邮件内容','plain','utf-8')
        msg['From']=formataddr(["FromRunoob",my_sender])  # 括号里的对应发件人邮箱昵称、发件人邮箱账号
        msg['To']=formataddr(["FK",my_user])              # 括号里的对应收件人邮箱昵称、收件人邮箱账号
        msg['Subject']="菜鸟教程发送邮件测试"                # 邮件的主题,也可以说是标题
 
        server=smtplib.SMTP_SSL("smtp.qq.com", 465)  # 发件人邮箱中的SMTP服务器,端口是25
        server.login(my_sender, my_pass)  # 括号中对应的是发件人邮箱账号、邮箱密码
        server.sendmail(my_sender,[my_user,],msg.as_string())  # 括号中对应的是发件人邮箱账号、收件人邮箱账号、发送邮件
        server.quit()  # 关闭连接
    except Exception:  # 如果 try 中的语句没有执行,则会执行下面的 ret=False
        ret=False
    return ret
 
ret=mail()
if ret:
    print("邮件发送成功")
else:
    print("邮件发送失败")

更多内容请参阅:https://docs.python.org/3/library/email-examples.html

IDEA 下的测试代码send Email.py

import smtplib
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.header import Header

sender = 'sss@qiye.com'
receivers = ['8888888@qq.com']

# TEXT
# message = MIMEText('Python3 邮件发布测试...', 'plain', 'utf-8')


# HTML
# mail_msg = """
# <p>Python 邮件发送测试...</p>
# <p><a href="http://www.runoob.com">这是一个链接</a></p>
# """
# message = MIMEText(mail_msg, 'html', 'utf-8')

# message['From'] = Header('菜鸟教程', 'utf-8')
# message['To'] = Header('测试', 'utf-8')
#
# subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
# message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')



# 发送带附件的邮件
#创建一个带附件的实例
# message = MIMEMultipart()
# message['From'] = Header("菜鸟教程", 'utf-8')
# message['To'] =  Header("测试", 'utf-8')
# subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
# message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
#
# #邮件正文内容
# message.attach(MIMEText('这是菜鸟教程Python 邮件发送测试……', 'plain', 'utf-8'))
#
# # 构造附件1,传送当前目录下的 test.txt 文件
# att1 = MIMEText(open('test.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
# att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
# # 这里的filename可以任意写,写什么名字,邮件中显示什么名字
# att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="test.txt"'
# message.attach(att1)
#
# # 构造附件2,传送当前目录下的 runoob.txt 文件
# att2 = MIMEText(open('../other/runoob.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
# att2["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
# att2["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="runoob.txt"'
# message.attach(att2)



# 在 HTML 文本中添加图片
msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related')
msgRoot['From'] = Header("菜鸟教程", 'utf-8')
msgRoot['To'] =  Header("测试", 'utf-8')
subject = 'Python SMTP 邮件测试'
msgRoot['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')

msgAlternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msgRoot.attach(msgAlternative)

mail_msg = """
<p>Python 邮件发送测试...</p>
<p><a href="http://www.runoob.com">菜鸟教程链接</a></p>
<p>图片演示:</p>
<p><img src="cid:image1"></p>
"""
msgAlternative.attach(MIMEText(mail_msg, 'html', 'utf-8'))

# 指定图片为当前目录
fp = open('test.png', 'rb')
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()


# 定义图片 ID,在 HTML 文本中引用
msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')
msgRoot.attach(msgImage)






try:
    smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP('smtp.exmail.qq.com',25)
    smtpObj.login(sender, "12345678",)
    # smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string())
    smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, msgRoot.as_string())
    print("邮件发送成功")
except smtplib.SMTPException:
    print("Error: 无法发送邮件")
上一篇下一篇

猜你喜欢

热点阅读