《ElasticSearch权威指南》实践 - 入门

2019-07-08  本文已影响0人  SlowGO

使用的ElasticSearch版本为 7.2

创建一个员工目录

员工文档内容包括:

为一个员工文档建立索引,文档的类型为employee,属于索引 megacorp

curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/1?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"first_name" : "John",
"last_name" : "Smith",
"age" : 25,
"about" : "I love to go rock climbing", "interests": [ "sports", "music" ]
}
'

/megacorp/employee/1 表示/索引名/类型名/员工ID

再建立2个员工索引:

curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/2?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"first_name" : "Jane",
"last_name" : "Smith",
"age" : 32,
"about" : "I like to collect rock albums", 
"interests": ["music" ]
}
'

curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/3?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
"first_name" : "Douglas",
"last_name" : "Fir",
"age" : 35,
"about" : "I like to build cabinets", 
"interests": ["forestry" ]
}
'

搜索

查询megacorp索引中类型employee下ID为1的员工文档:

curl -X GET "localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/1?pretty"

查询所有员工:

curl -X GET "localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search?pretty"

查询last_nameSmith的员工:

# query string 形式
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search?q=last_name:Smith&pretty"

# DSL 形式
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "query": { 
    "match": {
        "last_name":"Smith"
    } 
  }
}
'

查询last_nameSmith的员工,并且年龄大于30的,需要使用过滤器:

curl -X GET "localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "query":{
    "bool" : {
      "filter" : {
        "range" : {
          "age" : { "gt" : 30 }
        }
      },
      "must" : {
        "match" : {
          "last_name" : "Smith"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
'

全文搜索

查询about描述中匹配rock climbing的员工:

curl -X GET "localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "query" : { 
    "match" : {
      "about" : "rock climbing" 
    }
  } 
}
'

查询结果:

{
  ...
  "hits" : {
    ...
    "hits" : [
      {
        ...
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.4167402,
        "_source" : {
          "first_name" : "John",
          "last_name" : "Smith",
          "age" : 25,
          "about" : "I love to go rock climbing",
          "interests" : [
            "sports",
            "music"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        ...
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 0.45895916,
        "_source" : {
          "first_name" : "Jane",
          "last_name" : "Smith",
          "age" : 32,
          "about" : "I like to collect rock albums",
          "interests" : [
            "music"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

查到2条记录,每条都包含_score,含义是”相关性评分“,默认会根据其进行排序。

第一条的分值高,是因为其about中明确包含rock climbing,第二条中只包含rock

相关性是ES中很重要的一个概念,在传统数据库中对记录的查询只有匹配或者不匹配。

短语搜索

上面的搜索中rock climbing会被拆成2个词进行匹配,如果想将其视为一个整体进行匹配,可以使用match_phrase

curl -X GET "localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "query" : {
    "match_phrase" : {
      "about" : "rock climbing"
    }
  }
}
'

高亮搜索结果

curl -X GET "localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "query" : {
    "match_phrase" : {
      "about" : "rock climbing"
    }
  },
  "highlight" : {
    "fields" : {
      "about": {}
    }
  }
}
'

聚合

ES有强大的聚合功能,可以在数据上生成复杂的分析统计,类似SQL中的group by

例如,查询所有员工的最大的兴趣爱好:

curl -X GET "localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "aggs" : {
    "all_interests" : {
      "terms" : { "field": "interests.keyword" }
    }
  }
}
'

注意:interests 要写成 interests.keyword,否则会报错:
Fielddata is disabled on text fields by default ...

查询结果:

{
  ...
  "aggregations" : {
    "all_interests" : {
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count" : 0,
      "buckets" : [
        {
          "key" : "music",
          "doc_count" : 2
        },
        {
          "key" : "forestry",
          "doc_count" : 1
        },
        {
          "key" : "sports",
          "doc_count" : 1
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

可以看到喜欢music的最多。

上面是对所有文档进行查询,可以添加查询条件:

curl -X GET "localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "last_name": "smith"
    }
  },
  "aggs" : {
    "all_interests" : {
      "terms" : { "field": "interests.keyword" }
    }
  }
}
'

查询结果中会同时给出匹配的记录和聚合结果。

可以分级汇总,例如统计每种兴趣下员工的平均年龄:

curl -X GET "localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "aggs" : {
    "all_interests" : {
      "terms" : { "field": "interests.keyword" },
      "aggs" : {
        "avg_age" : {
          "avg" : { "field": "age" }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
'

查询结果:

  ...
  "aggregations" : {
    "all_interests" : {
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count" : 0,
      "buckets" : [
        {
          "key" : "music",
          "doc_count" : 2,
          "avg_age" : {
            "value" : 28.5
          }
        },
        {
          "key" : "forestry",
          "doc_count" : 1,
          "avg_age" : {
            "value" : 35.0
          }
        },
        {
          "key" : "sports",
          "doc_count" : 1,
          "avg_age" : {
            "value" : 25.0
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
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