郭沫若先生的书法总汇——
郭沫若先生的书法总汇——
2014-01-21 09:54:45| 分类:书法绘画|举报|字号 订阅
本文转载自绿岛乐曲《郭沫若先生的书法总汇》
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郭沫若先生的书法总汇
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郭沫若是中国现代史上一位卓越超群的文化伟人,在文学、历史学、古文字学等广阔的学术领域里留下丰厚遗产,影响深远。与其笃实的学养一脉相通,郭沫若在书法艺术方面同样成就璀璨,在现代书法史上占有重要地位。郭沫若在书法艺术上的探索与实践历时70余年。青年郭沫若的书法得到社会承认,始于辛亥年间。10年以后,他的著名诗集《女神》等作品集问世,使其书体在更广泛的读者面前显露风采。20年代末,郭沫若旅居日本,由金文甲骨入手,以字辩史,借史鉴今,谙熟了祖国文字、书体的演进轨迹,创立了古文字研究的科学模式。
1937年归国抗战,在民族危难之中,其诗词创作常与书法相结合,翰墨间包含了深厚的文化底蕴和自强不息的民族精神。新中国成立以后,郭沫若在繁重的国事之余从事了更为丰富的书法创作。他慷慨为人,博识广闻,为全国各地名胜古迹、工矿学校、以及社会各界、海内外友人留下难计其数的辞章墨宝。其书法作品数量之多,影响之广,少有出其右者。
郭沫若以“回锋转向,逆入平出”为学书执笔八字要诀。其书体既重师承,又多创新,展现了大胆的创造精神和鲜活的时代特色,被世人誉为“郭体”。郭沫若以行草见长,笔力爽劲洒脱,运转变通,韵味无穷;其楷书作品虽然留存不多,却尤见功力,气贯笔端,形神兼备。
郭沫若作为苏轼以后四川又一大文人,其书法成就直堪与东坡媲美,为世所重。东坡书法向来受到书法界重视,为宋代尚意书风代表。郭沫若书法从宋四家出来,无论用笔、结体都有宋四家意味,但又个性突出。苏东坡书法曾被黄山谷戏为“石压蛤蟆”,但其横向取势的结体,实际从隶书而来的书法史上就已有历史,与黄山谷书法取纵势截然不同。正如秦效侃先生所指出的那样:"字之结体汉唐即有横纵二种。黄纵苏横,不必是病。沙孟海先生以“斜划紧结”与“横划宽结”概括之。
郭沫若书法与东坡书法同属于横画宽结一类。郭沫若抗战期间在重庆时,书写了大量书法作品,同时,与马衡、常任侠等人进行了江北汉墓的试掘,发现“富贵”等字砖,为保护文物做出了贡献。
由于他当时任国民党政治部第三厅厅长和文化工作委员会主任,团结了一大批文学美术书法界人士,为繁荣文艺事业作出了贡献。郭沫若的书法研究,可以从他对甲骨、金文研究开始计算,成果丰硕。到六十年代,郭沫若与高二适等人展开《兰亭》真伪大讨论,无论从何种意义上说,都极大地推动了书法研究的深入,带来了书法事业在"文化革命"时期的发展。 这些成就,尤其是后期兰亭论辩中的数篇论文,无疑都充分地反映了他深厚的学养。一生大风大浪中过来的郭沫若,在其书法里头,充分表现出其大学者、大文豪风范:每幅作品,无论长篇巨制,抑或短笺小札,用笔都十分肯定、果断,没有犹豫与迟疑;书写内容多自作诗词,无论旧体新体,都富有时代气息;对古典书法有过广泛深入的学习与探究,深得苏东坡、颜真卿神韵。郭沫若学习书法,不象一般人兀兀穷年专于一家而难有自家面目,而是从一开始便有着强烈的个性色彩,非以自身作为先人奴隶,而是化他人为己用,独具风骨。
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