[技术干货] Oracle单机实例+ASM

2020-03-11 本文已影响0人乐维_lwops

本环境CentOS7.4使用的主要软件包：

11.2.0.1版本

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

linux.x64_11gR2_grid.zip

需要额外一个磁盘做完ASM挂载磁盘：本实例使用50G

使用x-shell进行远程，通过Xmanager进行图形化显示(需关闭selinux)

一、环境准备

1.创建ORACLE用户和组成员

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

groupadd oper

groupadd asmadmin

groupadd asmdba

groupadd asmoper

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper -d /home/oracle oracle (命令自动创建/home/oracle目录)

useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper -d /home/grid grid (命令自动创建/home/grid目录)

2.分别创建oracle、grid用户的密码

passwd oracle

new unix password: oracle

passwd grid

new unix password: grid

3.//创建以下目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

mkdir -p /u02/arch

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02

chmod -R 775 /u01

chmod -R 775 /u02

4.使用oracle用户登陆，设置oracle用户的环境变量

//增加以下几行

[oracle@rac31 ~]$ vim .bash_profile

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1

ORACLE_SID=orcl

PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8

umask 022

5.使用grid域名登陆，设置grid用户的环境变量

//增加以下几行

[grid@rac31 ~]$ vim .bash_profile

export PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

export NLS_LANG=American_america.ZHS16GBK

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM

[root@rac31 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

* soft nproc 2047

* hard nproc 16384

* soft nofile 1024

* hard nofile 65536

[root@rac31 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

[root@rac31 ~]# sysctl -p

关闭selinux

[root@rac31 ~]#vim /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

[root@rac31 ~]#setenforce 0

安装缺失的包

yum -y install compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 libstdc++-devel-4.4.4 gcc gcc-c++ ksh libaio-devel

fdisk dev/sdb

N新建分区

P创建主分区

1 分区数1个

回车

W保存

[root@rac31 ~]#ls /dev/sdb*

/dev/sdb /dev/sdb1

安装ASM依赖文件

[root@rac31 ~]#yum install –y oracleasmlib-2.0.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm oracleasm-support-2.1.11-2.el7.x86_64.rpm

需要重启主机才能正常挂载oracleasm模块

[root@rac31 ~]#reboot

挂载oracleasm模块

# oracleasm configure -i

Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.

This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library

driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is

loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values

will be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting <ENTER> without typing an

answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort.

Default user to own the driver interface []: grid

Default group to own the driver interface []: asmadmin

Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y

Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y

Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done

oracleasm createdisk OCR_VOTE1 /dev/sdb1

oracleasm module not loaded or /dev/oracleasm not mounted.

解决方法

linux7需要手动挂载oracleasm模块

#oracleasm status

Checking if ASM is loaded: no

Checking if /dev/oracleasm is mounted: no

#oracleasm init

Creating /dev/oracleasm mount point: /dev/oracleasm

Loading module "oracleasm": oracleasm

Configuring "oracleasm" to use device physical block size

Mounting ASMlib driver filesystem: /dev/oracleasm

#oracleasm status

Checking if ASM is loaded: yes

Checking if /dev/oracleasm is mounted: yes

二、创建ASM磁盘

[root@rac31 ~]# oracleasm createdisk DATA1 /dev/sdb1

Writing disk header: done

Instantiating disk: done

扫描：oracleasm scandisks

列出：oracleasm listdisks

安装xhost +工具用于图形化界面

[root@rac31 ~]#yum whatprovides "*/xhost"

Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager

This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

base/filelists_db | 3.4 MB 00:00 ...

xorg-x11-server-utils-7.7-2.el6.x86_64 : X.Org X11 X server utilities

Repo : base

Matched from:

Filename : /usr/bin/xhost

[root@rac31 ~]#yum -y install xorg-x11-server-utils-*

需要打开Xmanager工具

[root@rac31 ~]#export DISPLAY=172.16.1.203:0.0 ###该IP为本地ipconfig在使用远程的主机IP

[root@rac31 ~]#xhost +

access control disabled, clients can connect from any host

xhost: must be on local machine to enable or disable access control.

安装grid组：

[grid@ rac31 grid]$ export DISPLAY=172.16.1.203:0.0

[grid@ rac31 grid]$ xhost +

[grid@ rac31 grid]$ ./runInstaller

需要确保软件包均已安装（pdksh软件包可忽略），版本不同亦可，由于使用的是虚拟机虚拟内存问题与OS问题可忽略

确保无误后，忽略所有进行下一步

需要执行/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh与/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh

执行/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh后需要执行，上述红框内容，大意是说，配置grid为一个独立的节点（单实例）需要root用户，执行roothas.pl命令

[root@rac31 ~]#/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl

注：由于我们使用的是centos7系统，oracle默认识别的是6版本的系统，在执行该命令时，另开一个窗口切换到oracle用户执行已下命令/bin/dd if=/var/tmp/.oracle/npohasd of=/dev/null bs=1024 count=1，执行完后可ctrl+c停止，否则会报错

[root@rac31 ~]#/bin/dd if=/var/tmp/.oracle/npohasd of=/dev/null bs=1024 count=1

错误截图