SpringMVC(四)Message Converters
字符串信息转换
获取简单字符串
@RequestMapping(value="/string", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public @ResponseBody String readString(@RequestBody String string) {
return "Read string '" + string + "'";
}
这里的字符串是前台通过ajax传入的,默认为Content-type 是text-plain,所以这里需要通过@RequestBody
取参数,如果是通过form提交的参数或者通过url传的参数,则通过RequestParam
获取参数,前端提交代码如下:
$("form.textForm").submit(function(event) {
var form = $(this);
var button = form.children(":first");
$.ajax({ type: "POST", url: form.attr("action"), data: "foo", contentType: "text/plain", dataType: "text", success: function(text) { MvcUtil.showSuccessResponse(text, button); }, error: function(xhr) { MvcUtil.showErrorResponse(xhr.responseText, button); }});
return false;
});
返回简单字符串
@RequestMapping(value="/string", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public @ResponseBody String writeString() {
return "Wrote a string";
}
设置@ResponseBody
可以将方法返回值输出到response体中,进而前台可读取返回值
读写表单信息
获取表单参数
@RequestMapping(value="/form", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public @ResponseBody String readForm(@ModelAttribute JavaBean bean) {
return "Read x-www-form-urlencoded: " + bean;
}
表单提交的参数可以用@ModelAttribute
获取,JavaBean
中的属性名必须和表单的参数名一致。SpringMVC会自动获取参数并转换类型,设置到bean的属性上。这里的注解@ModelAttribute
也可以省略,直接将JavaBean作为方法参数,能达到同样效果。@ModelAttribute
用来获取一组参数,@RequestParam
用来获取单个参数。
返回表单信息
前台指定Accept:application/x-www-form-urlencoded 后,返回的response Content-type也必须是 application/x-www-form-urlencoded
.FormHttpMessageConverter
就是处理表单返回信息的。Controller
方法返回结果是MultiValueMap
会自动调用FormHttpMessageConverter写入response信息。如下段代码所示:
@RequestMapping(value="/form", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public @ResponseBody MultiValueMap<String, String> writeForm() {
MultiValueMap<String, String> map = new LinkedMultiValueMap<String, String>();
map.add("foo", "bar");
map.add("fruit", "apple");
return map;
}
对应的请求代码是
$("#writeForm").click(function() {
var link = $(this);
$.ajax({ url: this.href, dataType: "text", beforeSend: function(req) { req.setRequestHeader("Accept", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); }, success: function(form) { MvcUtil.showSuccessResponse(form, link); }, error: function(xhr) { MvcUtil.showErrorResponse(xhr.responseText, link); }});
return false;
});
返回MultiValueMap为什么会调用FormHttpMessageConverterk
呢?通过查看FormHttpMessageConverterk
源码就知道其中的原理:
@Override
public boolean canWrite(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType) {
if (!MultiValueMap.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
return false;
}
if (mediaType == null || MediaType.ALL.equals(mediaType)) {
return true;
}
for (MediaType supportedMediaType : getSupportedMediaTypes()) {
if (supportedMediaType.isCompatibleWith(mediaType)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
读写xml信息
获取前台传入的xml内容
前端代码如下所示,通过ajax发送请求,并传入xml数据:
$("form.readXmlForm").submit(function() {
var form = $(this);
var button = form.children(":first");
$.ajax({ type: "POST", url: form.attr("action"), data: "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?><javaBean><foo>bar</foo><fruit>apple</fruit></javaBean>", contentType: "application/xml", dataType: "text", success: function(text) { MvcUtil.showSuccessResponse(text, button); }, error: function(xhr) { MvcUtil.showErrorResponse(xhr.responseText, button); }});
return false;
});
Controller代码如下所示,SpringMvc会根据Content-type自动选择Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter
,调用Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter
的readFromSource方法,即可将xml字符串换成JavaBean。
@RequestMapping(value="/xml", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public @ResponseBody String readXml(@RequestBody JavaBean bean) {
return "Read from XML: " + bean;
}
返回XML数据
前端请求代码如下所示,在发起请求时设置Accept:application/xml
。
$("a.writeXmlLink").click(function() {
var link = $(this);
$.ajax({ url: link.attr("href"),
beforeSend: function(req) {
if (!this.url.match(/\.xml$/)) {
req.setRequestHeader("Accept", "application/xml");
}
},
success: function(xml) {
MvcUtil.showSuccessResponse(MvcUtil.xmlencode(xml), link);
},
error: function(xhr) {
MvcUtil.showErrorResponse(xhr.responseText, link);
}
});
return false;
});
Controller代码如下所示,SpringMVC会根据Accept:application/xml
自动选择Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter
处理Controller返回值,将返回的JavaBean或Map转换成xml字符串写入response中。
@RequestMapping(value="/xml", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public @ResponseBody JavaBean writeXml() {
return new JavaBean("bar", "apple");
}
读写JSON信息
读取JSON信息
前端代码如下所示,发起ajax请求时设置 contentType:application/json
。
$("form.readJsonForm").submit(function() {
var form = $(this);
var button = form.children(":first");
var data = form.hasClass("invalid") ?
"{ \"foo\": \"bar\" }" :
"{ \"foo\": \"bar\", \"fruit\": \"apple\" }";
$.ajax({ type: "POST", url: form.attr("action"), data: data, contentType: "application/json", dataType: "text", success: function(text) { MvcUtil.showSuccessResponse(text, button); }, error: function(xhr) { MvcUtil.showErrorResponse(xhr.responseText, button); }});
return false;
});
SpringMVC会根据contentType:application/json
选择MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter
将请求体中的内容转换成JavaBean或Map。Controller代码如下所示:
@RequestMapping(value="/json", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public @ResponseBody String readJson( @RequestBody JavaBean bean) {
return "Read from JSON: " + bean;
}
返回JSON信息
前端代码如下所示,发起ajax请求时设置Accept:application/json
:
$("a.writeJsonLink").click(function() {
var link = $(this);
$.ajax({ url: this.href,
beforeSend: function(req) {
if (!this.url.match(/\.json$/)) {
req.setRequestHeader("Accept", "application/json");
}
},
success: function(json) {
MvcUtil.showSuccessResponse(JSON.stringify(json), link);
},
error: function(xhr) {
MvcUtil.showErrorResponse(xhr.responseText, link);
}});
return false;
});
Controller代码如下所示,SpringMVC根据前端发起请求时设置的Accept:application/json
自动选择MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter
,通过该Converter将JavaBean转换成json,并写入到response中去。另外前端发请求时如果不设置Accept,将请求url加上.json
后缀,SpringMVC也会选择该Converter处理信息。
@RequestMapping(value="/json", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public @ResponseBody JavaBean writeJson() {
return new JavaBean("bar", "apple");
}