男性产后抑郁:“丧偶式育儿”背后,父亲们也有苦衷?
Whenpostpartumdepressionstolemyhusband
当产后抑郁症“夺走”了我的丈夫
今日导读
说到产后抑郁,很多人首先想到的就是女性,因为男性又不用生孩子,很难想到他们在成为父亲后也能“产后抑郁”。毕竟社会对男性的定义是“坚强”,所以很多男性都会把自己柔弱的一面隐藏起来。这也就是为什么爸爸的情绪,更加隐藏而不外露,同时也更加不容易引起人们的注意。不过,有数据指出,爸爸们出现类似产后抑郁症状的比例竟然高达 50%以上,这究竟是怎么一回事呢?我们马上和宇轩老师一起走进今天的文章。
带着问题听讲解
文章提及了哪些心理学相关词汇呢?
男性的精神疾病没有受到足够的重视,原因有哪些呢?
Three months before Tyler was born, my husband Rob began suffering from insomnia, paralyzing indecision and panic attacks. Neither of us had any previous experience with mental illness, and I didn't understand what was happening.
泰勒出生前三个月,我的丈夫罗伯开始失眠,变得极其优柔寡断、惶恐不安。我们之前都没有任何精神疾病的经历,而我也不明白发生了什么。
I dragged Rob to various doctors. Although Rob was eventually diagnosed with general anxiety disorder and severe depression, the psychiatrist never linked the illnesses to the changes associated with becoming a father.
我拖着罗伯去看了很多医生。尽管罗伯最终被诊断出患有广泛性焦虑症和严重的抑郁症,但精神病医生从未把这些疾病与他成为父亲后发生的变化联系在一起。
But when I finally confided in my friends about Rob's mental illness, I learned that he was not alone. Yet research has found that 1 in 7 dads in the United States suffer from mood disorders during the perinatal period (the time before and after birth), which skyrockets to 1 in 4 dads in the three to six months postpartum.
但当我终于向朋友们透露了罗伯的精神疾病后,我才了解到,他并不是个例。研究发现,在美国,七分之一的父亲在围产期(孩子出生前后的一段时间)会患上情感障碍,而在孩子出生后的三到六个月,这一比例会飙升至四分之一。
Will Courtenay, a psychotherapist, said entrenched cultural norms that men should be "emotionally strong" explain why even trained mental health clinicians are less likely to diagnose anxiety or depression in men than in women.
心理治疗师威尔·考特奈表示,认为男性应当保持“坚强”的文化观念可谓根深蒂固,这也解释了为什么受过专业训练的心理健康医师都更难在男性患者身上发现焦虑症或抑郁症(相比女性患者而言)。
Daniel Singley, a psychologist, has studied what he calls the "dude to dad transition" for nearly a decade and says that connection is key for helping men navigate the transition to parenthood.
心理学家丹尼尔·辛格利研究他所谓“从男孩到父亲的转变论”已近十年,他指出,情感沟通是帮助男性顺利过渡到父亲身份的关键。
"Step one is having more conversations about the fact that it's not just women who experience perinatal mental health issues. Step two is providing men with a sense of community so they don't feel isolated," Singley said.
辛格利表示:“第一步,应该发起更多讨论,让公众更明确地认识到,并非只有女性才会经历围产期心理健康问题。第二步,要给男性提供一种归属感,让他们觉得自己不是孤立无援的。”
重点词汇
- postpartum/ˌpoʊstˈpɑːrtəm/
adj. 产后的
词根词缀:post(...之后)
词根词缀:partum(分娩,生育)
英文释义:childbirth
同义词:postnatal
相关词汇:part(v. 与...分别/分离)
例句:We only part to meet again.
搭配短语:postpartum/postnatal care- insomnia/ɪnˈsɑːmniə/
n. 失眠
词根词缀:somnia(表示“睡眠”)
词根词缀:in-(表示否定)- paralyzing/ˈpærəlaɪzɪŋ/
adj. 令人浑身无力的
词性拓展:paralyze(v. 瘫痪)
相关词汇:paralysis(n. 瘫痪的状态)
相关词汇:paralyzed(adj. 瘫痪的;无法动弹的)
例句:>You start to freeze, as horror looks you right between the eyes. You’re paralyzed.- indecision/ˌɪndɪˈsɪʒn/
n. 优柔寡断,迟疑不决
相关词汇:decision(n. 决心)
词根词缀:in-(表示否定)- panic attack
惶恐不安
相关词汇:panic(n. 恐慌)
相关词汇:attack(n.(疾病或紧张情绪的)突然发作)
搭配短语:heart attack
英文释义:a sudden feeling of extreme anxiety- diagnose/ˌdaɪəɡˈnoʊs/
v. 诊断(病症);查出(问题)- psychiatrist/saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/
n. 精神病医生
词根词缀:psych(与“心理/精神状态”相关)
相关词汇:psychology(n. 心理学)
相关词汇:psychotic(adj. 精神错乱的)- confide/kənˈfaɪd/
v. 吐露,倾诉(秘密)
英文释义:to tell sb. secrets and personal information that you do not want other people to know
搭配短语:confide in sb.
例句:Girls don't usually confide in their mothers.- perinatal/ˌper.ɪˈneɪ.təl/
adj. 围产期的;出生前后的
相关词汇:natal(adj. 出生的)
词根词缀:peri-(表示“环绕,围绕”)
相关词汇:perimeter(n. 周长)
近义词:around, about- skyrocket/ˈskaɪrɑːkɪt/
v. 猛涨,飞涨
相关词汇:rocket(n. 火箭)
例句:The rent has skyrocketed.- psychotherapist/ˌsaɪkoʊˈθerəpɪst/
n. 心理治疗师
词根词缀:psycho-(与“心理/精神状态”相关)
相关词汇:therapist(n. 治疗师)
搭配短语:massage therapist- entrench/ɪnˈtrentʃ/
v. 使(习俗、观念等)根深蒂固
相关词汇:trench(n. 壕沟,战壕)
例句:Sexism was once deeply entrenched in our society.
例句:Sexist norms were deeply entrenched in our society.
词性拓展:entrenched(adj. 根深蒂固的)
搭配短语:entrenched imperialist beliefs- clinician/klɪˈnɪʃn/
n. 临床医师
近义词:doctor
相关词汇:clinic(n. 诊所)
词根词缀:-ian(表示“与...有关的人”)
相关词汇:librarian(n. 图书管理员)- transition/trænˈzɪʃn/
n. 转变;过渡
搭配短语:transition from A to B
例句:Graduates undergo the transition from students to professionals.- navigate/ˈnævɪɡeɪt/
v. 应付(困难复杂的情况);航行;导航
英文释义:to find the right way to deal with a complicated situation- conversation/ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃn/
n. 公众讨论;谈话
近义词:public discussion
英文释义:an exchange of sentiments, observations, opinions, or ideas- a sense of community
归属感
相关词汇:community(n. 小区;群体;社会)
搭配短语:residential community
搭配短语:the international community
搭配短语:the academic community
搭配短语:the LGBT community
同义词:a sense of belonging
拓展阅读
男性产后抑郁症
调查显示,女性的产后抑郁发病率在 15%-30%之间(其中大多是由于产后内分泌系统出现变化、产后疲劳以及家庭关系等因素所导致)。近年来,患产后抑郁症的男性数量也在不断增加。数据表明,十分之一左右的男性在孩子出生前后,会出现不同程度的紧张敏感、烦躁不安等表现,并伴有头痛失眠、食欲不振等症状。
美国国立精神卫生研究所对此提出了几条建议:
1)多参加一些放松身心的活动;
2)尝试多与亲朋好友接触和沟通;
3)适当宣泄情绪,把自己的感受记录下来,分析并认识它;
4)正确评价自己,把计划定在自己的能力范围之内,量力而行。