虚拟机基本环境
2021-02-17 本文已影响0人
jeffrey_hjf
CENTOS7
目录：
一、Vagrant 环境
二、Centos7 基础环境
三、JAVA 运行环境
四、Docker 环境
五、Kubernetes（k8s） 环境
一、vagrant环境
- 准备工作 (Windows)
- 把虚拟机加载到box容器中
//语法：vagrant box add [name] [xxx.box]
vagrant box add centos7 xxxx.box
centos7是给虚拟机起的名字 ,随意写。然后可以通过以下命令查看，当前vagrant下有那些可用
e:\vagrant_box> vagrant box list
centos7 (virtualbox, 0)
- 创建Vagrant主机
通过vagrant的Vagrantfile新建三台主机
| 主机名称 | 角色 | 地址 |
|---|---|---|
| k8s-master | k8s-master | 192.168.56.101 |
| k8s-node1 | k8s-node1 | 192.168.56.102 |
| k8s-node2 | k8s-node2 | 192.168.56.103 |
另存为：Vagrantfile 文件
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
Vagrant.require_version ">= 1.6.0"
boxes = [
{
:name => "k8s-master",
:eth1 => "192.168.56.101",
:mem => "3072",
:cpu => "2"
},
{
:name => "k8s-node1",
:eth1 => "192.168.56.102",
:mem => "3072",
:cpu => "2"
},
{
:name => "k8s-node2",
:eth1 => "192.168.56.103",
:mem => "3072",
:cpu => "2"
}
]
Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
config.vm.box = "centos7"
boxes.each do |opts|
config.vm.define opts[:name] do |config|
config.vm.hostname = opts[:name]
config.vm.provider "vmware_fusion" do |v|
v.vmx["memsize"] = opts[:mem]
v.vmx["numvcpus"] = opts[:cpu]
end
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--memory", opts[:mem]]
v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--cpus", opts[:cpu]]
end
config.vm.network :public_network, ip: opts[:eth1]
end
end
config.vm.synced_folder "./labs", "/home/vagrant/labs"
#config.vm.synced_folder "F:/linuxdir", "/linuxdir"
config.vm.provision "shell", privileged: true, path: "./setup.sh"
end
- 启动虚拟机
vagrant up
输入默认用户名 : vagrant / root , 登录密码 : vagrant / vagrant
- Vagrant命令详解
启动虚拟机：vagrant up（第一次是）
删除虚拟机：vagrant destroy
暂停虚拟机：vagrant suspend（推荐）
关闭虚拟机：vagrant halt (耗时不推荐)
恢复被暂停的虚拟机：vagrant resume
重启虚拟机：vagrant reload（每次改了Vagrantfile配置文件记得重启）
查看虚拟机状态：vagrant status
执行shell命令：vagrant provision（用于执行一键部署）
| 命令 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| vagrant box add | 添加box的操作 |
| vagrant init | 初始化box的操作，会生成vagrant的配置文件Vagrantfile |
| vagrant up | 启动本地环境 |
| vagrant ssh | 通过 ssh 登录本地环境所在虚拟机 |
| vagrant halt | 关闭本地环境 |
| vagrant suspend | 暂停本地环境 |
| vagrant resume | 恢复本地环境 |
| vagrant reload | 修改了 Vagrantfile 后，使之生效（相当于先 halt，再 up） |
| vagrant destroy | 彻底移除本地环境 |
| vagrant box list | 显示当前已经添加的box列表 |
| vagrant box remove | 删除相应的box |
| vagrant package | 打包命令，可以把当前的运行的虚拟机环境进行打包 |
| vagrant plugin | 用于安装卸载插件 |
| vagrant status | 获取当前虚拟机的状态 |
| vagrant global-status | 显示当前用户Vagrant的所有环境状态 |
二、Centos7基础环境
另存为：setup.sh
#/bin/sh
# install some tools
sudo yum install -y git vim gcc glibc-static telnet
# 关闭防火墙
iptables -F
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
# 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config #永久
setenforce 0 #临时
# 关闭swap（k8s禁止虚拟内存以提高性能）
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #永久
swapoff -a #临时
# 在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.56.101 k8s-master
192.168.56.102 k8s-node1
192.168.56.103 k8s-node2
EOF
# 禁止iptables对bridge数据进行处理(kubeadm初始化时会检测该选项)
## 开启内核模块
modprobe br_netfilter
# 设置网桥参数
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF
#生效
sysctl --system
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
# 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
三、JAVA运行环境
1. JDK：
a. 下载jdk
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
b. 解压jdk
tar -zxvf jdk-8u101-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/java/
c. 配置环境变量（在/etc/profile文件末尾添加）
打开 vim /etc/profile
添加一下内容
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_211
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
d. 使/etc/profile生效
source /etc/profile
e. 验证
[root@localhost local]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_211"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_211-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.211-b12, mixed mode)
2. 安装MAVEN：
a. 下载MAVEN
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/maven/maven-3/3.6.2/binaries/apache-maven-3.6.2-bin.tar.gz
b. 解压MAVEN
tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.6.2-bin.tar.gz -C /usr/local/maven/
c. 配置环境变量（在/etc/profile文件末尾添加）
export MAVEN_HOME=/usr/local/apache-maven-3.6.2
export PATH=${MAVEN_HOME}/bin:$PATH
d. 使/etc/profile生效
source /etc/profile
e. 验证
[root@localhost local]# mvn -version
Apache Maven 3.6.2 (40f52333136460af0dc0d7232c0dc0bcf0d9e117; 2019-08-27T23:06:16+08:00)
Maven home: /usr/local/maven/apache-maven-3.6.2
Java version: 1.8.0_211, vendor: Oracle Corporation, runtime: /usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_211/jre
Default locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"
3. 安装git：
yum install git -y
四、docker 环境
1. 配置阿里云yum源(参考：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/help/centos)：
a. 备份
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir repo_bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo repo_bak/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
repo_bak
b. 下载新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
--2018-02-09 16:33:46-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 124.14.2.234, 124.14.2.235, 124.14.2.217, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|124.14.2.234|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 2573 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’
100%[========================================================================================>] 2,573 --.-K/s in 0s
2018-02-09 16:33:47 (182 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2573/2573]
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo repo_bak
c. 之后运行yum clean all 清除缓存，运行 yum makecache 生成新的缓存
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/12): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 156 kB 00:00:00
(2/12): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 636 kB 00:00:07
(3/12): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 166 kB 00:00:02
2. 安装EPEL（Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux ）源：
a. 安装EPEL源
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum list | grep epel-release
epel-release.noarch 7-9 extras
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-9 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==================================================================================================================================
Installing:
epel-release noarch 7-9 extras 14 k
Transaction Summary
==================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 14 k
Installed size: 24 k
Downloading packages:
epel-release-7-9.noarch.rpm | 14 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : epel-release-7-9.noarch 1/1
Verifying : epel-release-7-9.noarch 1/1
Installed:
epel-release.noarch 0:7-9
Complete!
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls #多了epel.repo和epel-testing.repo
CentOS-Base.repo epel.repo epel-testing.repo repo_bak
b. 再次运行yum clean all 清除缓存，运行 yum makecache 生成新的缓存
c. 查看启用的yum源和所有的yum源
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist enabled #查看启用的仓库
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 9,591
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 12,277
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 388
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com 1,929
repolist: 24,185
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all #查看所有的仓库
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 9,591
centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled
contrib/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 enabled: 12,277
epel-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Debug disabled
epel-source/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Source disabled
epel-testing/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - Testing - x86_64 disabled
epel-testing-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - Testing - x86_64 - Debug disabled
epel-testing-source/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - Testing - x86_64 - Source disabled
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 388
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com enabled: 1,929
repolist: 24,185
3. 卸载旧版本：
较旧的Docker版本称为docker或docker-engine。如果已安装这些程序，请卸载它们以及相关的依赖项。
sudo yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
4. 安装存储库
此操作要求服务器可以连接网络，使用 yum 进行安装，也是官网推荐的方法；
sudo yum install -y yum-utils
sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
5. 安装 docker 引擎
真正的安装，从此处开始
sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
6. 启动Docker
sudo systemctl start docker
7. 配置 docker 开机自启动 /关闭
#启动
systemctl enable docker.service
#关闭
systemctl disable docker.service
8. 通过运行hello-world 映像来验证是否正确安装了Docker Engine
sudo docker run hello-world
9. 重新启动docker
systemctl restart docker
10. Docker国内镜像源介绍与更换
Docker中国区官方镜像:
https://registry.docker-cn.com
网易:
http://hub-mirror.c.163.com
ustc:
https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
中国科技大学:
https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
阿里云:
https://cr.console.aliyun.com/
[root@localhost local]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json # 创建或修改 /etc/docker/daemon.json 文件，修改为如下形式
{
"registry-mirrors" : [
"https://registry.docker-cn.com",
"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
"http://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
"https://cr.console.aliyun.com/"
]
}
#重启Docker服务
[root@localhost local]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@localhost local]# systemctl restart docker
11. Docker相关命令
| 命令 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| docker version | 查看docker的版本号，包括客户端、服务端、依赖的Go等 |
| docker info | 查看系统(docker)层面信息，包括管理的images, containers数等 |
| docker search <image> | 在docker index中搜索image |
| docker pull <image> | 从docker registry server 中下拉image |
| docker push <image|repository> | 推送一个image或repository到registry |
| docker push <image|repository>:TAG | 同上，指定tag |
| docker inspect <image|container> | 查看image或container的底层信息 |
| docker images TODO | filter out the intermediate image layers (intermediate image layers 是什么) |
| docker images -a | 列出所有的images |
| docker ps | 默认显示正在运行中的container |
| docker ps -l | 显示最后一次创建的container，包括未运行的 |
| docker ps -a | 显示所有的container，包括未运行的 |
| docker logs <container> | 查看container的日志，也就是执行命令的一些输出 |
| docker rm <container...> | 删除一个或多个container |
docker rm docker ps -a -q
|
删除所有的container |
| docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm | 同上, 删除所有的container |
| docker rmi <image...> | 删除一个或多个image |
| docker start/stop/restart <container> | 开启/停止/重启container |
| docker start -i <container> | 启动一个container并进入交互模式 |
| docker attach <container> | attach一个运行中的container |
| docker run <image> <command> | 使用image创建container并执行相应命令，然后停止 |
| docker run -i -t <image> /bin/bash | 使用image创建container并进入交互模式, login shell是/bin/bash |
| docker run -i -t -p <host_port:contain_port> | 将container的端口映射到宿主机的端口 |
| docker commit <container> [repo:tag] | 将一个container固化为一个新的image，后面的repo:tag可选 |
| docker build <path> | 寻找path路径下名为的Dockerfile的配置文件，使用此配置生成新的image |
| docker build -t repo[:tag] | 同上，可以指定repo和可选的tag |
| docker build - < <dockerfile> | 使用指定的dockerfile配置文件，docker以stdin方式获取内容，使用此配置生成新的image |
| docker port <container> <container port> | 查看本地哪个端口映射到container的指定端口，或者用docker ps 也可以看到。 |
