iOS多线程(6)-Lock

2018-04-05 本文已影响0人 WorldPeace_hp

为什么用锁：

多线程编程中，如果对同一数据源进行读写操作就会造成不可预知的结果，所以我们应该尽量避免并发操作资源在线程之间共享，以减少线程间的相互作用，就需要一些同步工具，来确保当它们交互的时候是安全的。
锁的种类：

iOS开发中常用的锁有如下几种：
1. @synchronized 同步锁
2. NSLock 对象锁
3. NSRecursiveLock 递归锁
4. NSConditionLock 条件锁
5. pthread_mutex 互斥锁（C语言）
6. dispatch_semaphore 信号量实现加锁（GCD）
7. OSSpinLock 自旋锁（暂不建议使用，原因参见这里）

锁的性能对比：

我们先来看一下网上的评测，几乎关于锁性能介绍的文章都用了这张图：

work_time.png

那根据这张图所描述的耗时对别正确吗？我们自己实际测试一下，看下边的测试代码：

#import <pthread.h>
#import <libkern/OSAtomic.h>

#define CycleTime (1024*1024*32)

- (void)testAction {
  NSTimeInterval time = [NSDate date].timeIntervalSince1970;
  
  //同步锁
  for (int i = 0; i < CycleTime; i++) {
      @synchronized(self) {
          
      }
  }
  NSLog(@"%f : work time of Synchronized",[NSDate date].timeIntervalSince1970-time);
  time = [NSDate date].timeIntervalSince1970;
  
  //条件锁
  NSConditionLock *conditionLock = [[NSConditionLock alloc] init];
  for (int i = 0; i < CycleTime; i++) {
      [conditionLock lock];
      [conditionLock unlock];
  }
  NSLog(@"%f : work time of NSConditionLock",[NSDate date].timeIntervalSince1970-time);
  time = [NSDate date].timeIntervalSince1970;
  
  //递归锁
  NSRecursiveLock *rsLock = [[NSRecursiveLock alloc] init];
  for (int i = 0; i < CycleTime; i++) {
      [rsLock lock];
      [rsLock unlock];
  }
  NSLog(@"%f : work time of NSRecursiveLock",[NSDate date].timeIntervalSince1970-time);
  time = [NSDate date].timeIntervalSince1970;
  
  //互斥锁
  NSLock *mutexLock = [[NSLock alloc] init];
  for (int i = 0; i < CycleTime; i++) {
      [mutexLock lock];
      [mutexLock unlock];
  }
  NSLog(@"%f : work time of NSLock",[NSDate date].timeIntervalSince1970-time);
  time = [NSDate date].timeIntervalSince1970;
  
  //互斥锁
  pthread_mutex_t mutex;
  pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL);
  for (int i = 0; i < CycleTime; i++) {
      pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
      pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
  }
  NSLog(@"%f : work time of pthread_mutex",[NSDate date].timeIntervalSince1970-time);
  time = [NSDate date].timeIntervalSince1970;
  
  //信号量
  dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);
  for (int i = 0; i < CycleTime; i++) {
      dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
      dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
  }
  NSLog(@"%f : work time of dispatch_semaphore",[NSDate date].timeIntervalSince1970-time);
  time = [NSDate date].timeIntervalSince1970;
  
  //自旋锁
  OSSpinLock spinlock = OS_SPINLOCK_INIT;
  for (int i = 0; i < CycleTime; i++) {
      OSSpinLockLock(&spinlock);
      OSSpinLockUnlock(&spinlock);
  }
  NSLog(@"%f : work time of OSSpinLock",[NSDate date].timeIntervalSince1970-time);
}

输出：

2018-03-29 18:51:14.638390+0800 Lock[97416:4313533] 3.498765 : work time of Synchronized
2018-03-29 18:51:16.987938+0800 Lock[97416:4313533] 2.349282 : work time of NSConditionLock
2018-03-29 18:51:18.480868+0800 Lock[97416:4313533] 1.492687 : work time of NSRecursiveLock
2018-03-29 18:51:19.286578+0800 Lock[97416:4313533] 0.805475 : work time of NSLock
2018-03-29 18:51:20.029690+0800 Lock[97416:4313533] 0.742872 : work time of pthread_mutex
2018-03-29 18:51:20.556899+0800 Lock[97416:4313533] 0.526966 : work time of dispatch_semaphore
2018-03-29 18:51:20.909306+0800 Lock[97416:4313533] 0.352188 : work time of OSSpinLock

看输出结果一目了然了，跟上图的评测结果一致。

如何使用锁：

@synchronized卖票例子：

- (void)sycnAction {
  __block int ticketsCount = 5;
  
  void(^saleTickets)(void) = ^() {
      while (YES) {
          /*
           注意点:
           1.加锁的代码尽量少
           2.添加的OC对象必须在多个线程中都是同一对象
           3.优点是不需要显式的创建锁对象，便可以实现锁的机制。
           4.@synchronized块会隐式的添加一个异常处理例程来保护代码，该处理例程会在异常抛出的时候自动的释放互斥锁。所以如果不想让隐式的异常处理例程带来额外的开销，你可以考虑使用锁对象。
           */
          
          //这里参数添加一个OC对象，一般使用self
          @synchronized(self) {
              [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];
              if (ticketsCount > 0) {
                  ticketsCount--;
                  NSLog(@"Tickets = %d, Thread:%@",ticketsCount,[NSThread currentThread]);
              }
              else {
                  NSLog(@"Clear  Thread:%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
                  break;
              }
          }
      }
  };
  
  NSLog(@"Start tickets count = %d, Thread:%@",ticketsCount,[NSThread currentThread]);

  dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
      saleTickets();
  });
  dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
      saleTickets();
  });
}

NSLock互斥锁卖票例子：

- (void)lockAction {
  __block int ticketsCount = 5;
  
  NSLock *lock = [[NSLock alloc] init];
  
  void(^lockSaleTickets)(void) = ^() {
      while (1) {
          [lock lock];
          
          [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];
          if (ticketsCount > 0) {
              ticketsCount--;
              NSLog(@"Tickets= %d, Thread:%@",ticketsCount,[NSThread currentThread]);
          }
          else {
              NSLog(@"Clear  Thread:%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
              break;
          }
          
          [lock unlock];
      }
  };
  
  dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
      lockSaleTickets();
  });
  
  dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
      lockSaleTickets();
  });
}

NSRecursiveLock递归锁卖票例子：

- (void)recursiveLockAction {
//    NSLock *lock = [[NSLock alloc] init];
  NSRecursiveLock *lock = [[NSRecursiveLock alloc] init];
  
  dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
      static void(^TestMethod)(int);
      
      TestMethod = ^(int value) {
          [lock lock];
          if (value > 0) {
              NSLog(@"value = %d",value);
              [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];
              TestMethod(--value);
          }
          [lock unlock];
      };
      
      NSLog(@"Begain Test");
      TestMethod(5);
  });
}

NSConditionLock条件锁卖票例子：

- (void)conditionLockActive {
  NSConditionLock *lock = [[NSConditionLock alloc] init];
  
  dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
      for (int i = 0; i <= 5; i++) {
          [lock lock];
          NSLog(@"1.thread1 condition = %ld, i = %d",(long)lock.condition,i);
          [lock unlockWithCondition:i];
          NSLog(@"2.thread1 condition = %ld, i = %d",(long)lock.condition,i);
      }
  });
  
  dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_HIGH, 0), ^{
      [lock lockWhenCondition:2];
      NSLog(@"thread2");
      [lock unlock];
  });
}

pthread_mutex_t互斥锁例子：

- (void)pthreadMutexAction {
  __block pthread_mutex_t mutex;
  pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, NULL);
  
  dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
      sleep(2);
      pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
      NSLog(@"任务2");
      
      pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
  });
  
  dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
      pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
      NSLog(@"任务1");
      pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
  });
}

dispatch_semaphore_t信号量例子：

- (void)semaphoreAction {
  dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(1);
  
  __block int count = 10;
  
  void(^TestMethod)(void) = ^() {
      while (YES) {
          dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
          if (count > 0) {
              count --;
              NSLog(@"value = %d, %@",count,[NSThread currentThread]);
              [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];
          }
          else {
              NSLog(@"Done %@",[NSThread currentThread]);
              break;
          }
          dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
      }
  };
  
  dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
      TestMethod();
  });
  
  dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
      TestMethod();
  });
}

OSSpinLock自旋锁例子：

- (void)spinAction {
  __block int tickets = 5;
  
  OSSpinLock spinlock = OS_SPINLOCK_INIT;
  
  void(^TestMethod)(void) = ^() {
      while (YES) {
          OSSpinLockLock(&spinlock);
          if (tickets > 0) {
              tickets --;
              NSLog(@"value = %d, %@",tickets,[NSThread currentThread]);
              [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:1];
          }
          else {
              NSLog(@"Done %@",[NSThread currentThread]);
              break;
          }
          OSSpinLockUnlock(&spinlock);
      }
  };
  
  dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
      TestMethod();
  });
  
  dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
      TestMethod();
  });
}

死锁：待续....

iOS多线程(6)-Lock

为什么用锁：

锁的种类：

锁的性能对比：

如何使用锁：

死锁：待续....

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