英语中的时态

概括

• 英语中的十六种时态由 4 种时间和 4 种状态组成

	一般	进行	完成	完成进行(一直)
现在	am/is/are/do(动词原形)/does(第三人称单数)	am/is/are doing	have done / has done	have been doing / has been doing
过去	was/were/did	was/were doing	had done	had been doing
将来	be going to do / will do	will be doing	will have done	will have been doing
过去将来	was/were going to do / would do / should do	would be doing	would have done	would have been doing

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一般现在时

• 一般现在时的结构表示为:
• 动词原形包括: am/is/are/do(动词原形)/does(第三人称单数)
• 通常用于下面几种情况

表示习惯或经常性的动作

• I wake up at 7 a.m. every day
• She goes to the gym twice a week

表示事实或真理

• The sun rises in the east
• Water boils at 100°C
• I am a student

表示感官动词或心里状态

• She feels tired
• I love you
• He like coffee

表示固定的安排或计划

• My flight leaves at 9 a.m. tomorrow
• The concert starts at 7 o'clock

表示肯定

• 结构: 主语 + 动词原形（第三人称单数加 -s 或 -es）
• She is a gril

表示否定

• 结构: 主语 + do/does + not + 动词原形
• She doesn't like coffee
• I don't understand

表示疑问

• 结构: Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形？
• Do you like Coffee

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现在进行时

• 用于表示当前正在发生的动作或正在进行的状态
• 现在进行时有以下几种表示

肯定句

• 结构为: 主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing
• We are playing football
• She is reading a book

否定句

• 结构为：主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词-ing
• They aren't playing basketball
• I am not working today

疑问句

• 结构为：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词-ing？
• Are they playing basketball ?
• Is he watching TV?

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现在完成时

• 用于表示一个动作或状态发生在过去，但与现在有某种联系或影响
• 现在进行时有以下几种表示:

肯定句

• 结构: 主语 + has/have + 过去分词（Past Participle）
• I have finished my homework
• We have lived here for five years
• She has visited Paris

否定句

• 结构: 主语 + has/have + not + 过去分词
• I haven't eaten breakfast yet.
• She hasn't finished his work
• They haven't met him before.
• We haven't decided where to go

疑问句

• 结构: Has/Have + 主语 + 过去分词？
• Have you seen that movie ?
• Has he finished the report ?
• Have they visited the museum?

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现在完成进行时

• 表示某个动作从过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，并且可能仍在继续。它强调动作的持续性和过程，而不仅仅是动作的结果。
• 现在完成进行时有以下几种表示：

肯定句

• 主语 + have/has + been + 动词-ing
• I have been reading for two hours. // 我已经读了两个小时的书。

否定句

• 主语 + have/has + not + been + 动词-ing
• She has not been working recently. // 她最近没有在工作。

疑问句

• Have/Has + 主语 + been + 动词-ing?
• Have you been studying? // 你一直在学习吗？

常用时间副词

• 与现在完成进行时两用的副词有for 和 since
• for表示持续一段时间：He has been working here for five years (他在这里工作了五年了)
• since 表示起始点： We have been living here since 2010. (我们从2010年开始住在这里)

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一般过去时

• 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，通常与特定的时间点或时间段相关。这个时态强调动作已经完成，不在继续。

表示过去某个时间发生的工作或事件

• I saw him yesterday 我昨天看见她了
• She graduated in 2010 她在2010年毕业

表示过去的习惯性动作或重复的行为

• When I was a child, I played outside every day. 我小时候每天都在外面玩

表示过去的状态

• He lived in New York for 5 years. 他曾在纽约住了5年
• The weather was cold last week. 上周天气很冷

肯定句

• 结构： 主语 + 动词的过去式
• I visited London last year. 我去年访问了伦敦
• he was a teacher before. 他之前是个教师
• She worked hard yesterday. 她昨天努力工作

否定句

• 结构： 主语 + did not (didn't) + 动词原形
• They didn't go to the party. 他们没去参加聚会
• he didn't go to school. 他昨天没去上学

疑问句

• 结构： Did + 主语 + 动词原形?
• Did you go to the party last night? 你昨晚去聚会了吗？
• Did they arrive on time? 他们准时到达了吗？

常用时间副词

• yesterday
• last： week， year， month
• ago： two days ago, three months ago
• in+年份： in 2020
• when： when i was a child

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过去进行时