Android Jetpack

JetPack--Navigation

2021-09-14  本文已影响0人  aruba

目前UI一般使用Activity嵌套使用Fragment的方式,但是Fragment的管理是比较繁琐的,需要手动通过FragmentManager和FragmentTransaction来管理Fragment的切换。以及切换动画、参数传递、AppBar的管理等。

JetPack提供了一个工具:Navigation,封装了Fragment的一系列操作,Navigation分为三个组件:

1.Navigation Graph:一种xml资源文件,包含应用程序所有的页面,以及页面间的关系
2.NavHostFragment:一个特殊的Fragment,可以将它看作是其他Fragment的容器,Navigation Graph中Fragment正是使用NavHostFragment进行展示的
3.NavController:用于在代码中完成Navigation Graph中具体的页面切换工作

当想要切换Fragment时,使用NavController对象,指定跳转Navigation Graph中哪个Fragment,那么NavHostFragment会切换成相应的Fragment

一、初识Navigtion

1.Navigtion上手

首先创建两个Fragment:HomeFragment和DetailFragment

布局文件是相同的:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".HomeFragment">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Button"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".DetailFragment">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Button"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

创建NavigationGraph,如果是第一次创建,会提示是否导入依赖,我们选择是就可以了


根据下图提示的先导入Fragment,再建立连接关系:

在Activity布局文件中使用NavHostFragment


xml如下,使用的是fragment标签
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/fragmentContainerView"
        android:name="androidx.navigation.fragment.NavHostFragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        app:defaultNavHost="true"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:navGraph="@navigation/my_navigation_graph" />
    
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

Activity代码中,获取NavController对象,并绑定ActionBar

package com.aruba.navigation;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.navigation.NavController;
import androidx.navigation.Navigation;
import androidx.navigation.ui.NavigationUI;

import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private NavController navController;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //获取NavController对象
        navController = Navigation.findNavController(this, R.id.fragmentContainerView);
        //将ActionBar与NavController绑定
        NavigationUI.setupActionBarWithNavController(this, navController);
    }
}

在fragment中设置一个点击事件,使用NavController进行fragment跳转,通过内部任意一个View就能获取NavController对象
HomeFragment

package com.aruba.navigation;

import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.navigation.NavController;
import androidx.navigation.Navigation;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

public class HomeFragment extends Fragment {

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_home, container, false);
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        View button = getView().findViewById(R.id.button);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //Activity中绑定后,可以通过内部任意一个View获取NavController对象
                NavController navController = Navigation.findNavController(view);
                //指定跳转的fragment,即navigation graph中的action
                navController.navigate(R.id.action_homeFragment_to_detailFragment);
            }
        });
    }
}

DetailFragment

package com.aruba.navigation;

import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.navigation.NavController;
import androidx.navigation.Navigation;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;

public class DetailFragment extends Fragment {

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_detail, container, false);
    }

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        View button = getView().findViewById(R.id.button2);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //Activity中绑定后,可以通过内部任意一个View获取NavController对象
                NavController navController = Navigation.findNavController(view);
                //指定跳转的fragment,即navigation graph中的action
                navController.navigate(R.id.action_detailFragment_to_homeFragment);
            }
        });
    }
}

最后在Activity中添加ActionBar返回键支持:

    @Override
    public boolean onSupportNavigateUp() {
        return navController.navigateUp();
    }
2.跳转动画

添加Fragment的跳转动画比较简单,只需要在NavigationGraph中的action添加即可


image.png
3.参数传递
NavController的navigate方法可以传递一个bundle,接受的Fragment和以前一样可以用getArguments方法获取:
//Activity中绑定后,可以通过内部任意一个View获取NavController对象
NavController navController = Navigation.findNavController(view);
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("name", "张三");
//指定跳转的fragment,即navigation graph中的action
navController.navigate(R.id.action_homeFragment_to_detailFragment, bundle);
还可以使用插件的方式:

主工程的Gradle中添加依赖

dependencies {
        classpath "com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.0.2"
        classpath "androidx.navigation:navigation-safe-args-gradle-plugin:2.3.5"
    }

在module中使用插件

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'androidx.navigation.safeargs'
}

我们就可以在NavigationGraph中定义参数了


xml中定义好后,在fragment跳转时使用
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //Activity中绑定后,可以通过内部任意一个View获取NavController对象
                NavController navController = Navigation.findNavController(view);
//            Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
//            bundle.putString("name", "张三");
                HomeFragmentArgs build = new HomeFragmentArgs.Builder()
                        .setName("张三")
                        .setAge(1)
                        .build();
                //指定跳转的fragment,即navigation graph中的action
                navController.navigate(R.id.action_homeFragment_to_detailFragment, build.toBundle());
            }
        });

接收的fragment代码如下:

        HomeFragmentArgs homeFragmentArgs = HomeFragmentArgs.fromBundle(getArguments());
        Toast.makeText(getActivity(),
                homeFragmentArgs.getName() + homeFragmentArgs.getAge(),
                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

二、NavigationUI

Fragment的切换,除了Fragment页面本身的切换,通常还伴有AppBar的变化。为了方便管理,Navigation引入NavigationUI

创建完Fragment后,先创建NavigationGraph

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<navigation xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/navigation_graph"
    app:startDestination="@id/mainFragment">

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/mainFragment"
        android:name="com.aruba.navigation2.MainFragment"
        android:label="fragment_main"
        tools:layout="@layout/fragment_main" />
    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/settingFragment"
        android:name="com.aruba.navigation2.SettingFragment"
        android:label="fragment_setting"
        tools:layout="@layout/fragment_setting" />
</navigation>

再创建menu,其中item的id指定为:NavigationGraph中对应fragment的id

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item
        android:id="@+id/settingFragment"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher_background"
        android:title="设置" />
</menu>

Activity中,先重写onCreateOptionsMenu方法,使用我们定义的menu,然后在onCreate中调用NavigationUI的setupActionBarWithNavController方法,其中多传入一个AppBarConfiguration对象,最后重写onOptionsItemSelected方法

package com.aruba.navigation2;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.navigation.NavController;
import androidx.navigation.Navigation;
import androidx.navigation.ui.AppBarConfiguration;
import androidx.navigation.ui.NavigationUI;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private NavController navController;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        navController = Navigation.findNavController(this, R.id.fragmentContainerView);
        AppBarConfiguration configuration = new AppBarConfiguration
                .Builder(navController.getGraph())
                .build();
        NavigationUI.setupActionBarWithNavController(this, navController, configuration);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onSupportNavigateUp() {
        return navController.navigateUp();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.item_menu, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
        return NavigationUI.onNavDestinationSelected(item, navController) ||
                super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}
仔细看我们的效果,跳转到设置后,AppBar右上角的选项还在,那么我们需要在设置界面时,去除选项

在SettingFragment中,重写onCreateOptionsMenu方法,调用menu.clear(),并在onCreateView方法中调用setHasOptionsMenu(true)来确保onCreateOptionsMenu的执行

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        setHasOptionsMenu(true);
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_setting, container, false);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreateOptionsMenu(@NonNull Menu menu, @NonNull MenuInflater inflater) {
        menu.clear();
        super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu, inflater);
    }

效果:


如果你需要监听切换页面,那么对NavController添加切换监听
navController.addOnDestinationChangedListener(new NavController.OnDestinationChangedListener() {
    @Override
    public void onDestinationChanged(@NonNull NavController controller, @NonNull NavDestination destination, @Nullable Bundle arguments) {
        
    }
});

三、DeepLink

Navigation可以生成通知点击的PendingIntent,用来直接跳转到Fragment,并支持参数传递
public PendingIntent getPendingIntent() {
    Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
    bundle.putString("name", "张三");
    return Navigation.findNavController(this, R.id.fragmentContainerView)
            .createDeepLink()
            .setArguments(bundle)
            .setGraph(R.navigation.navigation_graph)
            .setDestination(R.id.settingFragment)
            .createPendingIntent();
}
URI方式也是支持的

在NavigationGraph中使用deepLink标签,params可以以参数传递的方式获取:

    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/settingFragment"
        android:name="com.aruba.navigation2.SettingFragment"
        android:label="fragment_setting"
        tools:layout="@layout/fragment_setting" >
        
        <deepLink app:uri="www.aruba.com/{params}"/>
        
    </fragment>

Manifest.xml中的指定nav-graph:

        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
            
            <nav-graph android:value="@navigation/navigation_graph"/>
        </activity>
Demo地址:https://gitee.com/aruba/my-jetpack-application.git
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