科普：如何让人工智能造福人类（1）
How to make artificial intelligence benefit mankind
The technology industry is facing up to the world-shaking ramifications of artificial intelligence. There is now a recognition that AI will disrupt how societies operate, from education and employment to how data will be collected about people.
科技行业正准备迎接人工智能带来的震撼世界的影响。如今人们意识到，从教育、就业，到如何收集人们的数据，人工智能将扰乱社会运转的方式。
Machine learning, a form of advanced pattern recognition that enables machines to make judgments by analysing large volumes of data, could greatly supplement human thought. But such soaring capabilities have stirred almost Frankenstein-like fears about whether developers can control their creations.
机器学习是一种高级形态的模式识别，能够让机器通过分析大量数据来做出判断。这有望大大辅助人类思维。但这种与日俱增的能力引发了近乎“科学怪人”(Frankenstein)式的担忧：开发人员能否控制他们创造出的机器？
Failures of autonomous systems— like the death last year of a US motorist in a partially self-driving car from Tesla Motors— have led to a focus on safety, says Stuart Russell, a professor of computer science and AI expert at the University of California, Berkeley. “That kind of event can set back the industry a long way, so there is a very straightforward economic self-interest here,” he says.加州大学伯克利分校(University of California, Berkeley)
计算机科学教授、人工智能专家斯图亚特•拉塞尔(Stuart Russell)表示，自动系统的失误（就像去年驾驶一辆特斯拉汽车(Tesla Motors)部分自动驾驶汽车的美国驾车者死亡那样）促使人们关注安全。他表示：“这种事件可能会严重阻碍行业的发展，因此这里有着非常直接的经济自身利益。”
Alongside immigration and globalisation, fears of AI-driven automation are fuelling public anxiety about inequality and job security. The election of Donald Trump as US president and the UK’s vote to leave the EU were partly driven by such concerns. While some politicians claim protectionist policies will help workers, many industry experts say most jobs losses are caused by technological change, largely automation.
除了移民和全球化，对人工智能驱动的自动化的担忧，正引发公众对于不平等和就业安全的担忧。唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)当选美国总统以及英国投票退出欧盟(EU)在一定程度上就是受到这类担忧的推动。尽管一些政治人士声称，保护主义政策将有利于劳动者，但很多行业专家表示，多数就业损失是由科技变革（主要是自动化）造成的。
Global elites— those with high income and educational levels, who live in capital cities — are considerably more enthusiastic about innovation than the general population, the FT/Qualcomm Essential Future survey found. This gap, unless addressed, will continue to cause political friction.
英国《金融时报》/高通(Qualcomm)联合开展的Essential Future调查发现，全球精英（那些收入和受教育程度高、生活在首都城市的人）对于创新要比普通大众热情得多。除非弥合这种差距，否则它将继续引发政治摩擦。
Vivek Wadhwa, a US-based entrepreneur and academic who writes about ethics and technology, thinks the new wave of automation has geopolitical implications:“Tech companies must accept responsibility for what they’re creating and work with users and policymakers to mitigate the risks and negative impacts. They must have their people spend as much time thinking about what could go wrong as they do hyping products.
美国企业家、撰写道德和科技文章的学者维微克•瓦德瓦(Vivek Wadhwa)认为，新的自动化浪潮具有地缘政治上的潜在影响：“科技公司必须对他们所创造出的东西承担责任，并与用户和政策制定者合作，缓解风险和负面影响。他们必须让员工花时间思考哪里可能出错，就像他们花时间宣传产品那样。”
The industry is bracing itself for a backlash. Advances in AI and robotics have brought automation to areas of white-collar work, such as legal paperwork and analysing financial data. Some 45 per cent of US employees’ work time is spent on tasks that could be automated with existing technologies, a study by McKinsey says.
人工智能行业正在准备应对反弹。人工智能和机器人领域的进步，已经把自动化引入白领工作领域，例如法律文书和分析财务数据。麦肯锡(McKinsey)的一项研究称，在美国员工的工作时间中，大约有45%用在可以借助现有技术实现自动化的任务上。
整理：2024年7月31日于普洱金融培训中心
