iOS UIWebView原生与网页交互常用知识点
2017-11-07 本文已影响53人
独孤流
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iOS WebView打开URL时会对地址自动进行URL
前言
在App开发中，绝对部分都会涉及到UIWebView/WKWebView内嵌网页的情况出现，因此常常会涉及到原生与网页的交互等相关处理
知识点：User-Agent、Cookie、NSURLProtocol、NSURLProtocol本地构造response、请求mock假数据、js自动跳转、referrer、
一、设置User-Agent
UIWebView *webView = [[UIWebView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero];
// 浏览器的默认user-agent
NSString *oldAgent = [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:@"navigator.userAgent"];
// 在原默认user-agent上拼接自定义数据
NSString *newAgent = [oldAgent stringByAppendingString:@" Jiecao/2.4.7 ch_appstore"];
// 将新拼接好的user-agent注册，浏览器就会在请求时带上这个user-agent,注册的这个步骤要在浏览器发起请求前才会对请求生效
NSDictionary *dictionnary = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:newAgent, @"UserAgent", nil nil];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] registerDefaults:dictionnary];
二、设置管理cookie
2.1 获取cookie
NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];
// 获取制定路径下的cookie，以http://www.baidu.com为例
NSArray *cookieAry = [cookieJar cookiesForURL: [NSURL URLWithString: @"http://www.baidu.com"]];
for (NSHTTPCookie *cookie in cookieAry) {
// xxx 对获取到的cookie进行相关处理
}
2.2 删除cookie
NSHTTPCookie *cookie;
NSHTTPCookieStorage *cookieJar = [NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage];
NSArray *cookieAry = [cookieJar cookiesForURL: [NSURL URLWithString: _urlstr]];
for (cookie in cookieAry) {
[cookieJar deleteCookie: cookie];
}
2.3 设置cookie
//设置cookie
- (void)setCookie{
NSMutableDictionary *cookiePropertiesUser = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
[cookiePropertiesUser setObject:@"cookie_user" forKey:NSHTTPCookieName];
[cookiePropertiesUser setObject:uid forKey:NSHTTPCookieValue];
[cookiePropertiesUser setObject:@"xxx.xxx.com" forKey:NSHTTPCookieDomain];
[cookiePropertiesUser setObject:@"/" forKey:NSHTTPCookiePath];
[cookiePropertiesUser setObject:@"0" forKey:NSHTTPCookieVersion];
// set expiration to one month from now or any NSDate of your choosing
// this makes the cookie sessionless and it will persist across web sessions and app launches
/// if you want the cookie to be destroyed when your app exits, don't set this
[cookiePropertiesUser setObject:[[NSDate date] dateByAddingTimeInterval:2629743] forKey:NSHTTPCookieExpires];
NSHTTPCookie *cookieuser = [NSHTTPCookie cookieWithProperties:cookiePropertiesUser];
[[NSHTTPCookieStorage sharedHTTPCookieStorage] setCookie:cookieuser];
}
三、伪造Referrer、增加中间页空白跳转
业务需求：在接入一个第三方支付时，基本流程是生产一个订单，然后后端返回一个URL用浏览器打开，之后就是打开原生的微信或支付宝支付，但其中一家支付厂商的支付URL有个特殊的要求，就是在浏览器发起请求时要设置Referrer这个请求头，但当前这个请求本身是第一次请求，浏览器默认是的referrer事空的，必须要在客户端自己想办法加上。
- 方法一，在webview发起的请求里添加相关header字段，无效
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"https://www.baidu.com"];
NSMutableURLRequest *requestM = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
[requestM setValue:@"自定义Referer" forHTTPHeaderField:@"Referrer"];
[self.webView loadRequest:requestM];
- 方法二，在UIWebView的代理里判断header，没有对应header，重新发起请求，结果无效
- (BOOL) webView:(UIWebView*)webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest*)request navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType) navigationType{
// 判断当前请求是否包含了自定义header字段
BOOL headerIsPresent = [[request allHTTPHeaderFields] objectForKey:@"my custom header"]!=nil;
// 如果已经包含了直接运行请求
if(headerIsPresent) return YES;
// 没有包含请求的，重新构造请求并设置header的相关内容
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
NSURL *url = [request URL];
NSMutableURLRequest* request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:url cachePolicy:NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy timeoutInterval:60.0];
// set the new headers
for(NSString *key in [self.customHeaders allKeys]){
[request addValue:[self.customHeaders objectForKey:key] forHTTPHeaderField:key];
}
// reload the request
[self loadRequest:request];
});
});
return NO;
}
- 方法三，请求Referrer的地址，使用NSURLProtocol拦截WebView的这个请求并构造一个本地数据中转，通过这个中转再跳转到目标地址，代码如下：
亲测使用有效
目标地址：https://www.baidu.com 要伪造的referrer地址：https://www.google.com
这两个地址在实际开发使用中需要根据需要做成参数动态使用
1、创建URLProtocol的子类
LHJumpProtocol.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface LHJumpProtocol : NSURLProtocol
@end
LHJumpProtocol.m
#import "LHJumpProtocol.h"
static NSString * const URLProtocolHandledKey = @"URLProtocolHandledKey_jump";
@interface LHJumpProtocol()<NSURLConnectionDelegate>
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSURLConnection *connection;
@end
@implementation LHJumpProtocol
/*
这个方法是决定这个 protocol 是否可以处理传入的 request 的如是返回 true 就代表可以处理,如果返回 false 那么就不处理这个 request 。
*/
+ (BOOL)canInitWithRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
{
//看看是否已经处理过了，防止无限循环
if ([NSURLProtocol propertyForKey:URLProtocolHandledKey inRequest:request]) {
return NO;
}
NSString *url = request.URL.absoluteString;
// 只有请求的是中转的地址才处理
if ([url isEqualToString:@"https://www.google.com"]) {
return YES;
}
return NO;
}
/*
这个方法主要是用来返回格式化好的request，如果自己没有特殊需求的话，直接返回当前的request就好了。如果你想做些其他的，比如地址重定向，或者请求头的重新设置，你可以copy下这个request然后进行设置
*/
+ (NSURLRequest *)canonicalRequestForRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
{
NSMutableURLRequest *mutableReqeust = [request mutableCopy];
// xxx 可以在这里对request进行相关的设置参数，重定向等处理
return mutableReqeust;
}
/**
该方法主要是判断两个请求是否为同一个请求，如果为同一个请求那么就会使用缓存数据。通常都是调用父类的该方法
*/
+ (BOOL)requestIsCacheEquivalent:(NSURLRequest *)a toRequest:(NSURLRequest *)b
{
return [super requestIsCacheEquivalent:a toRequest:b];
}
- (void)startLoading
{
NSMutableURLRequest *mutableReqeust = [[self request] mutableCopy];
//打标签，防止无限循环
[NSURLProtocol setProperty:@YES forKey:URLProtocolHandledKey inRequest:mutableReqeust];
// 虚拟一般网络请求时服务器返回的中转网页内容，这段网页数据的作用是告诉浏览器请求都带上referrer，并且会加载这段网页后自动跳转到目标地址去
NSString *targetUrl = @"http://www.baidu.com";
NSString *text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"<html> <META content=\"always\" name=\"referrer\"><script>try{if(window.opener&&window.opener.bds&&window.opener.bds.pdc&&window.opener.bds.pdc.sendLinkLog){window.opener.bds.pdc.sendLinkLog();}}catch(e) {};window.location.replace(\"%@\")</script> <noscript><META http-equiv=\"refresh\" content=\"0;URL='%@'\"></noscript></META></html>",targetUrl,targetUrl];
// 将字符串转换成NSData数据
NSData *data = [text dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
// 将数据构造成返回的response
NSURLResponse *response = [[NSURLResponse alloc] initWithURL:mutableReqeust.URL MIMEType:@"text/html" expectedContentLength:data.length textEncodingName:nil];
[self.client URLProtocol:self
didReceiveResponse:response
cacheStoragePolicy:NSURLCacheStorageNotAllowed];
[self.client URLProtocol:self didLoadData:data];
[self.client URLProtocolDidFinishLoading:self];
}
- (void)stopLoading
{
[self.connection cancel];
}
#pragma mark - NSURLConnectionDelegate
- (void) connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveResponse:(NSURLResponse *)response {
[self.client URLProtocol:self didReceiveResponse:response cacheStoragePolicy:NSURLCacheStorageNotAllowed];
}
- (void) connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didReceiveData:(NSData *)data {
[self.client URLProtocol:self didLoadData:data];
}
- (void) connectionDidFinishLoading:(NSURLConnection *)connection {
[self.client URLProtocolDidFinishLoading:self];
}
- (void)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection didFailWithError:(NSError *)error {
[self.client URLProtocol:self didFailWithError:error];
}
2、在AppDelegate里注册protocol
#import "LHAppDelegate.h"
#import "LHJumpProtocol.h"
@interface LHAppDelegate ()
@end
@implementation LHAppDelegate
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
// xxxx 其他启动处理
// 注册protocol
[NSURLProtocol registerClass:[LHJumpProtocol class]];
return YES;
}
@end
3、使用UIWebView发起请求
UIWebView *webView = [ [UIWebView alloc] iniwWithFrame:self.view.bounds];
// 这里请求的要是需要的referrer的地址，这样才能构造一个虚拟的referrer
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.google.com"];
NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url]; [webView loadRequest:request];
四、js与原生交互
参考文章
