Java面试相关我爱编程

java面试XML相关

2018-03-29  本文已影响0人  pr0metheus

对于XML这块内容的要求:

预备知识点:

面试题目一:dom与sax解析xml的区别是什么?

答案:dom会将整个xml读入到内存后,为我们创建一个文档对象,之后读写数据都是对其进行操作,这种方式比较占据内存,好处是有了文档对象后可以随意读写,而sax是基于事件的,将xml读入内存的过程中,当发生相应的事件时,触发相应的动作,只存储当前读到的内容,之前读取的内容会丢失(覆盖),底层使用观察者模式,因为没有对之前的数据进行记忆所以只能对xml进行读操作

本质:dom读完xml之后再处理,而sax边读边处理。

面试题目二:使用jaxp中的DomcumentBuilderFactory来解析如下xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<PEOPLE>
    <PERSON PERSONID="E01">
        <NAME>Tony Blair</NAME>
        <ADDRESS>10 Dowing Street , London, UK </ADDRESS>
        <TEL>(061) 98765 </TEL>
        <FAX>(061) 98765 </FAX>
        <EMAIL>blair@everywhere.com</EMAIL>
    </PERSON>
    <PERSON PERSONID="E02">
        <NAME>Bill Clinton</NAME>
        <ADDRESS>White House, USA</ADDRESS>
        <TEL>(001) 6400 98765</TEL>
        <FAX>(001) 6400 98765</FAX>
        <EMAIL>bill@everywhere.com</EMAIL>
    </PERSON>
    <PERSON PERSONID="E03">
        <NAME>Tom Cruise</NAME>
        <ADDRESS>57 Jumbo Street, New York, USA</ADDRESS>
        <TEL>(001) 4500 67859</TEL>
        <FAX>(001) 4500 67859</FAX>
        <EMAIL>cruise@everywhere.com</EMAIL>
    </PERSON>
    <PERSON PERSONID="E04">
        <NAME>Linda Goodman</NAME>
        <ADDRESS>78 cRAX lANE, lONDON, UK</ADDRESS>
        <TEL>(061) 54 56789</TEL>
        <FAX>(061) 54 56789</FAX>
        <EMAIL>linda@everywhere.com</EMAIL>
    </PERSON>
</PEOPLE>

答案:具体代码如下:

package com.test;

import java.io.File;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;

import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

//使用jaxp解析xml
public class XMLParseTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // step 1: 获得解析器工厂
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        // step 2: 通过工厂来获得具体的解析器
        DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
        // step 3: 通过解析器来对xml处理
        Document doc = db.parse(new File("people.xml"));

        // 目标:打印出每个person的id值、name值、address值、tel值、fax值、email值
        NodeList persons = doc.getElementsByTagName("PERSON");
        for (int i = 0; persons != null && i < persons.getLength(); i++) {
            Element person = (Element) persons.item(i);
            // 获得person元素的属性personid
            String personId = person.getAttribute("PERSONID");
            String name = person.getElementsByTagName("NAME").item(0)
                    .getFirstChild().getNodeValue();
            String address = person.getElementsByTagName("ADDRESS").item(0)
                    .getFirstChild().getNodeValue();
            String tel = person.getElementsByTagName("TEL").item(0)
                    .getFirstChild().getNodeValue();
            String fax = person.getElementsByTagName("FAX").item(0)
                    .getFirstChild().getNodeValue();
            String email = person.getElementsByTagName("EMAIL").item(0)
                    .getFirstChild().getNodeValue();
            
            System.out.println("PERSONID:" + personId);
            System.out.println("NAME:" + name);
            System.out.println("ADDRESS:" + address);
            System.out.println("TEL:" + tel);
            System.out.println("FAX:" + fax);
            System.out.println("EMAIL:" + email);
            System.out.println("---------------------");
        }

    }
}

面试题目三:使用jaxp中的SAXParserFactory来解析上述的xml

代码如下:

public class XMLParserBySAXTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //step 1: 获得SAX工厂
        SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
        //step 2: 获得SAX解析器
        SAXParser newSAXParser = factory.newSAXParser();
        //生成一个具体观察者对象,类似于awt中的监听器
        MyDefaultHandler myDefaultHandler = new MyDefaultHandler();
        //step 3: 进行解析
        newSAXParser.parse(new File("people.xml"), myDefaultHandler);
        List<People> list = myDefaultHandler.getList();
        for (People people : list) {
            Map attribute = people.getAttribute();
            for (Object key: attribute.keySet()) {
                System.out.println(key + "=\"" + attribute.get(key) + "\"");
            }
            System.out.println("NAME: " + people.getName());
            System.out.println("ADDRESS: " + people.getAddress());
            System.out.println("Tel: " + people.getTel());
            System.out.println("Fax: " + people.getFax());
            System.out.println("Email: " + people.getEmail());
        }
    }
}
//读取xml并封装成对应的model集合
class MyDefaultHandler extends DefaultHandler {
    
    List<People> list = new ArrayList<People>();
    People people = null;
    String qName = null;
   
    @Override
    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
            Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
        if (("PERSON").equalsIgnoreCase(qName)) {
            people = new People();
            if (null != attributes) {
                Map<String, String> map = null;
                for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {
                    map = new HashMap<String, String>();
                    map.put(attributes.getQName(i), attributes.getValue(i));
                }
                people.setAttribute(map);
            }
        } 
        this.qName = qName;
    }
    
    @Override
    public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
            throws SAXException {
        if (("PERSON").equalsIgnoreCase(qName)) {
            list.add(people);
        } 
    }
    
    @Override
    public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
            throws SAXException {
        String content = new String(ch, start, length);
        if (!StringUtils.isBlank(content)) {
            if (("NAME").equalsIgnoreCase(qName)) {
                people.setName(content);
            } else if (("ADDRESS").equalsIgnoreCase(qName)) {
                people.setAddress(content);
            } else if (("TEL").equalsIgnoreCase(qName)) {
                people.setTel(content);
            } else if (("FAX").equalsIgnoreCase(qName)) {
                people.setFax(content);
            } else if (("EMAIL").equalsIgnoreCase(qName)) {
                people.setEmail(content);
            }
        }
    }

    public List<People> getList() {
        return list;
    }
}

总结:个人感觉用jaxp的sax处理xml对于开发者而言还是比较麻烦的,第一点是很少用这个接口来处理xml操作起来还要去查看api文档,第二点是要写很多if,第三点是该api中的几个方法之间如何协作要事先搞清楚。

面试题目四:使用jdom方式创建并生成xml文件,并说说jdom与dom的区别

答案:使用jdom创建xml文件的代码如下所示

public class JDOMTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Element root = new Element("hello").setAttribute("name", "zhangsan")
                .setAttribute("age", "20").setAttribute("sex", "male");
        root.addContent(new Comment("This is a comment"));
        root.addContent("helloworld");
        root.addContent(new Element("world").setAttribute("address", "China")
                .addContent("This is another element"));
        Document doc = new Document(root);
        XMLOutputter output = new XMLOutputter(Format.getPrettyFormat());
        output.output(doc, new FileWriter("test.xml"));
    }
}

dom是w3c制定的一种IDL语言(接口描述语言),为了兼容各种语言,它把标准的要求降的很低,java开发人员用起来很麻烦,而Jdom是用纯java开发的,java开发成员用起来就非常顺手,并且它用来处理xml更加高效。

面试题目五:请用jdom读取如下xml

?xml version="1.0"?>
<PEOPLE>
    <PERSON PERSONID="E01">
        <NAME>Tony Blair</NAME>
        <ADDRESS>10 Dowing Street , London, UK </ADDRESS>
        <TEL>(061) 98765 </TEL>
        <FAX>(061) 98765 </FAX>
        <EMAIL>blair@everywhere.com</EMAIL>
    </PERSON>
    <PERSON PERSONID="E02">
        <NAME>Bill Clinton</NAME>
        <ADDRESS>White House, USA</ADDRESS>
        <TEL>(001) 6400 98765</TEL>
        <FAX>(001) 6400 98765</FAX>
        <EMAIL>bill@everywhere.com</EMAIL>
    </PERSON>
    <PERSON PERSONID="E03">
        <NAME>Tom Cruise</NAME>
        <ADDRESS>57 Jumbo Street, New York, USA</ADDRESS>
        <TEL>(001) 4500 67859</TEL>
        <FAX>(001) 4500 67859</FAX>
        <EMAIL>cruise@everywhere.com</EMAIL>
    </PERSON>
    <PERSON PERSONID="E04">
        <NAME>Linda Goodman</NAME>
        <ADDRESS>78 cRAX lANE, lONDON, UK</ADDRESS>
        <TEL>(061) 54 56789</TEL>
        <FAX>(061) 54 56789</FAX>
        <EMAIL>linda@everywhere.com</EMAIL>
    </PERSON>
</PEOPLE>

答案如下:

public class JDomReaderTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder();
        Document doc = builder.build(new File("people.xml"));
        Element root = doc.getRootElement();
        System.out.println("根元素为:" + root.getName());
        List<Element> person = root.getChildren();
        for (Element people : person) {
            Attribute personid = people.getAttribute("PERSONID");
            String name = people.getChild("NAME").getValue();
            String address = people.getChild("ADDRESS").getValue();
            String tel = people.getChild("TEL").getValue();
            String fax = people.getChild("FAX").getValue();
            String email = people.getChild("EMAIL").getValue();
            System.out.println("personid:" + personid.getValue());
            System.out.println("name:" + name);
            System.out.println("address:" + address);
            System.out.println("TEL:" + tel);
            System.out.println("fax:" + fax);
            System.out.println("email:" + email);
            System.out.println("-------------------------");
        }
    }
}

总结:jdom主要用到org.jdom包下的类(Element、Attribute、Comment 等等)、org.jdom.input包下的SAXBuilder(读取速度比DOMBuilder快)以及org.jdom.output下的XMLOutputter类

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