[转载] 如何将ISO 8601日期时间字符串转换为Python

参考链接： Python | 输出格式化 output format

本文翻译自：How do I translate an ISO 8601 datetime string into a Python datetime object? [duplicate]

  This question already has an answer here: 这个问题已经在这里有了答案：  

  How do I parse an ISO 8601-formatted date? 如何解析ISO 8601格式的日期？ 26 answers 26个答案 

 I'm getting a datetime string in a format like "2009-05-28T16:15:00" (this is ISO 8601, I believe). 我正在以类似“ 2009-05-28T16：15：00”的格式获取日期时间字符串（我相信这是ISO 8601）。 One hackish option seems to be to parse the string using time.strptime and passing the first six elements of the tuple into the datetime constructor, like: 一种可能的选择似乎是使用time.strptime解析字符串，并将元组的前六个元素传递到datetime构造函数中，例如：  

datetime.datetime(*time.strptime("2007-03-04T21:08:12", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S")[:6])

 I haven't been able to find a "cleaner" way of doing this. 我还没有找到一种“清洁”的方法。 Is there one? 有一个吗？ 

#1楼

参考：https://stackoom.com/question/449d/如何将ISO-日期时间字符串转换为Python日期时间对象-重复

#2楼

import datetime, time

def convert_enddate_to_seconds(self, ts):

    """Takes ISO 8601 format(string) and converts into epoch time."""

    dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(ts[:-7],'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f')+\

                datetime.timedelta(hours=int(ts[-5:-3]),

                minutes=int(ts[-2:]))*int(ts[-6:-5]+'1')

    seconds = time.mktime(dt.timetuple()) + dt.microsecond/1000000.0

    return seconds

 This also includes the milliseconds and time zone. 这还包括毫秒和时区。  

 If the time is '2012-09-30T15:31:50.262-08:00', this will convert into epoch time. 如果时间是“ 2012-09-30T15：31：50.262-08：00”，则它将转换为纪元时间。  

>>> import datetime, time

>>> ts = '2012-09-30T15:31:50.262-08:00'

>>> dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(ts[:-7],'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f')+ datetime.timedelta(hours=int(ts[-5:-3]), minutes=int(ts[-2:]))*int(ts[-6:-5]+'1')

>>> seconds = time.mktime(dt.timetuple()) + dt.microsecond/1000000.0

>>> seconds

1348990310.26

#3楼

 Arrow looks promising for this: Arrow对此很有希望：  

>>> import arrow

>>> arrow.get('2014-11-13T14:53:18.694072+00:00').datetime

datetime.datetime(2014, 11, 13, 14, 53, 18, 694072, tzinfo=tzoffset(None, 0))

  Arrow is a Python library that provides a sensible, intelligent way of creating, manipulating, formatting and converting dates and times. Arrow是一个Python库，它提供了一种明智，智能的方式来创建，操作，格式化和转换日期和时间。 Arrow is simple, lightweight and heavily inspired by moment.js and requests . Arrow很简单，轻巧，并且受moment.js和request的启发很大 。  

#4楼

 You should keep an eye on the timezone information, as you might get into trouble when comparing non-tz-aware datetimes with tz-aware ones. 您应该注意时区信息，因为在比较非tz感知的日期时间和tz感知的日期时间时可能会遇到麻烦。  

 It's probably the best to always make them tz-aware (even if only as UTC), unless you really know why it wouldn't be of any use to do so. 最好始终使它们具有tz意识（即使仅作为UTC），除非您真的知道为什么这样做没有任何用处。  

#-----------------------------------------------

import datetime

import pytz

import dateutil.parser

#-----------------------------------------------

utc = pytz.utc

BERLIN = pytz.timezone('Europe/Berlin')

#-----------------------------------------------

def to_iso8601(when=None, tz=BERLIN):

  if not when:

    when = datetime.datetime.now(tz)

  if not when.tzinfo:

    when = tz.localize(when)

  _when = when.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f%z")

  return _when[:-8] + _when[-5:] # Remove microseconds

#-----------------------------------------------

def from_iso8601(when=None, tz=BERLIN):

  _when = dateutil.parser.parse(when)

  if not _when.tzinfo:

    _when = tz.localize(_when)

  return _when

#-----------------------------------------------

#5楼

 aniso8601 should handle this. aniso8601应该处理这个问题。 It also understands timezones, Python 2 and Python 3, and it has a reasonable coverage of the rest of ISO 8601 , should you ever need it. 它还了解时区，Python 2和Python 3，并且在需要时可以合理涵盖ISO 8601的其余部分。  

import aniso8601

aniso8601.parse_datetime('2007-03-04T21:08:12')

#6楼

 Because ISO 8601 allows many variations of optional colons and dashes being present, basically CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss[Z|(+|-)hh:mm] . 由于ISO 8601允许存在许多可选的冒号和破折号，因此基本上CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss[Z|(+|-)hh:mm] 。 If you want to use strptime, you need to strip out those variations first. 如果要使用strptime，则需要先删除这些变化。  

 The goal is to generate a UTC datetime object. 目标是生成UTC日期时间对象。  

 If you just want a basic case that work for UTC with the Z suffix like 2016-06-29T19:36:29.3453Z : 如果您只想使用带有Z后缀的UTC的基本情况，例如2016-06-29T19:36:29.3453Z ：  

datetime.datetime.strptime(timestamp.translate(None, ':-'), "%Y%m%dT%H%M%S.%fZ")

 If you want to handle timezone offsets like 2016-06-29T19:36:29.3453-0400 or 2008-09-03T20:56:35.450686+05:00 use the following. 如果要处理时区偏移，例如2016-06-29T19:36:29.3453-0400或2008-09-03T20:56:35.450686+05:00使用以下内容。 These will convert all variations into something without variable delimiters like 20080903T205635.450686+0500 making it more consistent/easier to parse. 这些会将所有变体转换成没有变量定界符的内容，例如20080903T205635.450686+0500 ，使其更一致/更容易解析。  

import re

# This regex removes all colons and all

# dashes EXCEPT for the dash indicating + or - utc offset for the timezone

conformed_timestamp = re.sub(r"[:]|([-](?!((\d{2}[:]\d{2})|(\d{4}))$))", '', timestamp)

datetime.datetime.strptime(conformed_timestamp, "%Y%m%dT%H%M%S.%f%z" )

 If your system does not support the %z strptime directive (you see something like ValueError: 'z' is a bad directive in format '%Y%m%dT%H%M%S.%f%z' ) then you need to manually offset the time from Z (UTC). 如果您的系统不支持%z strptime指令（您会看到类似ValueError: 'z' is a bad directive in format '%Y%m%dT%H%M%S.%f%z' ），则需要手动从Z （UTC）偏移时间。 Note %z may not work on your system in Python versions < 3 as it depended on the C library support which varies across system/Python build type (ie, Jython , Cython , etc.). 注意%z可能在版本低于3的Python版本中无法在您的系统上运行，因为它取决于C库支持，该支持因系统/ Python构建类型（即Jython ， Cython等）而异。  

import re

import datetime

# This regex removes all colons and all

# dashes EXCEPT for the dash indicating + or - utc offset for the timezone

conformed_timestamp = re.sub(r"[:]|([-](?!((\d{2}[:]\d{2})|(\d{4}))$))", '', timestamp)

# Split on the offset to remove it. Use a capture group to keep the delimiter

split_timestamp = re.split(r"[+|-]",conformed_timestamp)

main_timestamp = split_timestamp[0]

if len(split_timestamp) == 3:

    sign = split_timestamp[1]

    offset = split_timestamp[2]

else:

    sign = None

    offset = None

# Generate the datetime object without the offset at UTC time

output_datetime = datetime.datetime.strptime(main_timestamp +"Z", "%Y%m%dT%H%M%S.%fZ" )

if offset:

    # Create timedelta based on offset

    offset_delta = datetime.timedelta(hours=int(sign+offset[:-2]), minutes=int(sign+offset[-2:]))

    # Offset datetime with timedelta

    output_datetime = output_datetime + offset_delta