Monkeypox

2022-06-01  本文已影响0人  俗世尘沙

正文

Monkeypox: a rare virus on the rise

猴痘:这种罕见病毒正在扩散

What is monkeypox?

什么是猴痘?

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Monkeypox is a virus endemic in parts of Central and West Africa. It is a more benign version of smallpox.

猴痘是一种在中非和西非部分地区流行的病毒,是一种更为温和的“天花”。

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It was discovered in 1958, after outbreaks occurred in monkeys kept for research, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

根据美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)的资料,猴痘于 1958 年被发现,此前,在一群用于科研的猴子中,出现了猴痘病毒暴发。

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How many cases have there been this year, and where have they been?

今年已经有多少例猴痘病例?分布在哪里?

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There have been 38 cases worldwide this year as of Thursday, including 37 with no history of travel to endemic countries, according to the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Britain reported an additional 11 cases Friday.

根据欧洲疾病预防控制中心(ECDC)的数据,今年截至周四(5 月 19 日),世界范围内出现了 38 例猴痘病例,其中 37 例都没有流行地区的旅行史;周五(5 月 20 日),英国又新增了 11 例。

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What are the symptoms?

猴痘有哪些症状?

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Monkeypox creates a rash that starts with flat red marks that become raised and filled with pus. Infected people will also have a fever and body aches.

猴痘会产生一种皮疹,它一开始是平整的红色斑点,而后逐渐隆起,内部充满脓液。感染者还会发烧并感到身体疼痛。

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The CDC says there is "no proven, safe treatment" for monkeypox, but the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of smallpox vaccines and antiviral treatments to control outbreaks.

CDC 表示,“目前没有已证实的、安全的治疗手段”可以应对猴痘,但是美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)已经批准使用天花疫苗和抗病毒疗法来控制猴痘暴发。

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How infectious is it?

猴痘的传染性有多强?

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Typically it does not lead to major outbreaks — in most years there are just a handful of cases outside Africa, if any.

通常来说,猴痘病毒不会引起大规模的暴发;绝大多数时候,在非洲以外的地区,都只有零星几例,或者压根没有。

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"Most cases presented with lesions on the genitalia or peri-genital area, indicating that transmission likely occurs during close physical contact during sexual activities," ECDC said Friday.

ECDC 在周五时表示:“大部分病人在外生殖器或附近区域都出现了伤口,这表明猴痘的传播可能发生在亲密的身体接触或者性行为中。”

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Should I be worried?

我该担心吗?

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The likelihood of the virus being spread during sexual contact is high, but the risk of transmission from other forms of close contact is low, ECDC said.

ECDC 表示,猴痘通过性传播的几率较高,但通过其他密切接触而传播的风险较低。

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The symptoms are typically mild, and most people recover within weeks, but the virus has had a fatality rate of about 3.3% in Nigeria, with children, young adults and immunocompromised people most susceptible.

猴痘的症状通常都是轻微的,绝大多数人会在几周内痊愈,不过在尼日利亚,猴痘以往的致死率大约是 3.3%,儿童、年轻人和免疫力受损人群是最容易感染的。

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主编:XP、Lucky

品控:XP、Luni

审核:Lucky

重点词汇

on the rise

增多

相关词汇:rise(n. 上升)

同义词:increasing

例句:Prices were on the rise.

endemic

/enˈdem.ɪk/

adj. 地区性的

相关词汇:pandemic(adj.(疾病)全球流行的……)

词根词缀:pan-(all,泛)

派生词:pan-American

词根词缀:dēmos(people,人;district,地区)

词根词缀:en-(in)

benign

/bɪˈnaɪn/

adj. 温和的,无害的

近义词:kind,gentle,harmless

outbreak

/ˈaʊt.breɪk/

n. 暴发

相关词汇:break out

例句:Forest fires have broken out across Australia.

搭配短语:the outbreak of forest fires

as of

截止……;从……开始

rash

/ræʃ/

n. 皮疹

例句:I come out in a rash if I eat shrimps.

pus

/pʌs/

n. 脓液

infect

/ɪnˈfekt/

v. 感染;(电脑)感染病毒

例句:A single mosquito can infect a large number of people.

例句:This virus infected thousands of computers within days.

approve

/əˈpruːv/

v. 批准,认可;同意

搭配短语:approve of(同意)

例句:I approved of the proposal.

例句:The parliament approved the budget.

antiviral

/ˌæn.t̬iˈvaɪ.rəl/

adj. 抗病毒的

词根词缀:anti-(反)

相关词汇:virus(n. 病毒)

相关词汇:viral(adj. 病毒的)

a handful of

很少

相关词汇:handful(一把)

搭配短语:a small handful of fresh coriander

近义词:a small number of,a few

if any

(很少)或者根本没有

例句:There are few if any details about the accident.

lesion

/ˈliː.ʒən/

n. 伤口

近义词:injury,wound

搭配短语:skin lesions,brain lesions

peri

/ˈper.i/

prefix. 周围

英文释义:around

派生词:perimeter

词根词缀:meter(measure,衡量)

transmission

/trænˈsmɪʃ.ən/

n. 传染

相关词汇:transmit(v. 传播疾病;传播声音;传递知识;传播信号)

例句:The bones transmit sound waves to the inner ear.

例句:Knowledge is transmitted from teacher to pupil.

例句:The game was transmitted live in Spain and Italy.

likelihood

/ˈlaɪ.kli.hʊd/

n. 可能性

相关词汇:likely(adj. 可能的)

近义词:possibility

fatality

/fəˈtæl.ə.t̬i/

n.(意外、战争、疾病造成的)死亡

相关词汇:fatal(adj. 致命的)

例句:He suffered from a fatal heart attack.

相关表达:He died of a heart attack.

immunocompromised

/ˌɪm.jəˌnoʊˈkɑːm.prə.maɪzd/

adj. 免疫力受损的

相关词汇:immune(adj. 有免疫力的)

例句:I'm immune to this disease.

相关词汇:compromise(v. 妥协;受损)

例句:We compromised on 50 yuan.

例句:Financial pressures could compromise safety.

相关词汇:immunocompromisation(n. 免疫缺陷)

同义词:immunodeficiency(即 HIV 中的 I)

susceptible

/səˈsep.tə.bəl/

adj. 易感染的;容易动摇的,多情的

搭配短语:be susceptible to

例句:Older people are more susceptible to infections.

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