SDWebImage内部实现

2016-08-05  本文已影响39人  Z_Han

GitHub:SDWebImage
API documentation is available at CocoaDocs - SDWebImage
NOTE: Version 3.8 of SDWebImage requires iOS 7 or later (because of NSURLSession).

SDWebImage内部实现

SDWebImage内部实现过程(新版本在各方法前加上了sd_前缀,以区分UIImageView+AFNetworking中的方法)

图片缓存

  1. UIImageView (WebCache)类别,入口封装,实现读取图片完成后的回调
  2. SDWebImageManager,对图片进行管理的中转站,记录那些图片正在读取。向下层读取Cache(调用SDImageCache),或者向网络读取对象(调用SDWebImageDownloader)。实现SDImageCache和SDWebImageDownloader的回调。
  3. SDImageCache,根据URL的MD5摘要对图片进行存储和读取(实现存在内存中或者存在硬盘上两种实现)实现图片和内存清理工作。
  4. SDWebImageDownloader,根据URL向网络读取数据(实现部分读取和全部读取后再通知回调两种方式)

SDWebImage内部实现过程

  1. 入口setImageWithURL:placeholderImage:options:会先把 placeholderImage 显示,然后 SDWebImageManager 根据 URL 开始处理图片。
  2. 进入 SDWebImageManager-downloadWithURL:delegate:options:userInfo:,交给 SDImageCache 从缓存查找图片是否已经下载queryDiskCacheForKey:delegate:userInfo:
  3. 先从内存图片缓存查找是否有图片,如果内存中已经有图片缓存,SDImageCacheDelegate 回调imageCache:didFindImage:forKey:userInfo:SDWebImageManager.
  4. SDWebImageManagerDelegate 回调webImageManager:didFinishWithImage:到 UIImageView+WebCache 等前端展示图片。
  5. 如果内存缓存中没有,生成 NSInvocationOperation 添加到队列开始从硬盘查找图片是否已经缓存。
  6. 根据 URLKey 在硬盘缓存目录下尝试读取图片文件。这一步是在 NSOperation 进行的操作,所以回主线程进行结果回调 notifyDelegate:
  7. 如果上一操作从硬盘读取到了图片,将图片添加到内存缓存中(如果空闲内存过小,会先清空内存缓存)。SDImageCacheDelegate 回调imageCache:didFindImage:forKey:userInfo:。进而回调展示图片
  8. 如果从硬盘缓存目录读取不到图片,说明所有缓存都不存在该图片,需要下载图片,回调imageCache:didNotFindImageForKey:userInfo:
  9. 共享或重新生成一个下载器 SDWebImageDownloader 开始下载图片。
  10. 图片下载由NSURLSession来做,实现相关 delegate 来判断图片下载中、下载完成和下载失败。
  11. connection:didReceiveData:中利用 ImageIO 做了按图片下载进度加载效果。
  12. connectionDidFinishLoading:数据下载完成后交给 SDWebImageDecoder 做图片解码处理。
  13. 图片解码处理在一个 NSOperationQueue 完成,不会拖慢主线程 UI。如果有需要对下载的图片进行二次处理,最好也在这里完成,效率会好很多。
  14. 在主线程notifyDelegateOnMainThreadWithInfo:宣告解码完成,imageDecoder:didFinishDecodingImage:userInfo:回调给 SDWebImageDownloader。
  15. imageDownloader:didFinishWithImage:回调给 SDWebImageManager 告知图片下载完成。
  16. 通知所有的 downloadDelegates 下载完成,回调给需要的地方展示图片。
  17. 将图片保存到 SDImageCache 中,内存缓存和硬盘缓存同时保存。写文件到硬盘也在以单独 NSInvocationOperation 完成,避免拖慢主线程。
  18. SDImageCache 在初始化的时候会注册一些消息通知,在内存警告或退到后台的时候清理内存图片缓存,应用结束的时候清理过期图片。
  19. SDWI 也提供了 UIButton+WebCacheMKAnnotationView+WebCache,方便使用。
  20. SDWebImagePrefetcher 可以预先下载图片,方便后续使用。

从上面流程可以看出,当你调用setImageWithURL:方法的时候,他会自动去给你干这么多事,当你需要在某一具体时刻做事情的时候,你可以覆盖这些方法。比如在下载某个图片的过程中要响应一个事件,就覆盖这个方法:
覆盖方法,指哪打哪,这个方法是下载imagePath2的时候响应

SDWebImageManager *manager = [SDWebImageManager sharedManager]; 

[manager downloadImageWithURL:imagePath2 options:SDWebImageRetryFailed progress:^(NSInteger receivedSize, NSInteger expectedSize) {
     NSLog(@"显示当前进度"); 
} completed:^(UIImage *image, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, BOOL finished,     NSURL *imageURL) {
     NSLog(@"下载完成");
 }];

当服务器更新了某一张图片资源时,客户端需要重新加载,那么就可以设置SDWebImageOption为SDWebImageRefreshCached;附上全部的SDWebImageOptions

typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, SDWebImageOptions) {
/** 
* By default, when a URL fail to be downloaded, the URL is blacklisted so the library won't keep trying.
* This flag disable this blacklisting. 
*/
 SDWebImageRetryFailed = 1 << 0, 
/** 
* By default, image downloads are started during UI interactions, this flags disable this feature, 
* leading to delayed download on UIScrollView deceleration for instance. 
*/ 
SDWebImageLowPriority = 1 << 1, 
/** 
* This flag disables on-disk caching 
*/ 
SDWebImageCacheMemoryOnly = 1 << 2, 
/** 
* This flag enables progressive download, the image is displayed progressively during download as a browser would do. 
* By default, the image is only displayed once completely downloaded. 
*/ 
SDWebImageProgressiveDownload = 1 << 3, 
/** 
* Even if the image is cached, respect the HTTP response cache control, and refresh the image from remote location if needed. 
* The disk caching will be handled by NSURLCache instead of SDWebImage leading to slight performance degradation. 
* This option helps deal with images changing behind the same request URL, e.g. Facebook graph api profile pics. 
* If a cached image is refreshed, the completion block is called once with the cached image and again with the final image. * 
* Use this flag only if you can't make your URLs static with embeded cache busting parameter.
 */
 SDWebImageRefreshCached = 1 << 4,
/** 
* In iOS 4+, continue the download of the image if the app goes to background. This is achieved by asking the system for 
* extra time in background to let the request finish. If the background task expires the operation will be cancelled. 
*/
 SDWebImageContinueInBackground = 1 << 5, 
/** 
* Handles cookies stored in NSHTTPCookieStore by setting * NSMutableURLRequest.HTTPShouldHandleCookies = YES; */ SDWebImageHandleCookies = 1 << 6,
/** 
* Enable to allow untrusted SSL ceriticates. 
* Useful for testing purposes. Use with caution in production. 
*/
SDWebImageAllowInvalidSSLCertificates = 1 << 7, 
/** 
* By default, image are loaded in the order they were queued. This flag move them to 
* the front of the queue and is loaded immediately instead of waiting for the current queue to be loaded (which * could take a while). 
*/ 
SDWebImageHighPriority = 1 << 8, 
/** 
* By default, placeholder images are loaded while the image is loading. This flag will delay the loading 
* of the placeholder image until after the image has finished loading.
*/ 
SDWebImageDelayPlaceholder = 1 << 9, 
/** 
* We usually don't call transformDownloadedImage delegate method on animated images, 
* as most transformation code would mangle it.
* Use this flag to transform them anyway.
*/ 
SDWebImageTransformAnimatedImage = 1 << 10,
};

感谢:starfox寒流

独立的异步图像下载

downloader = [SDWebImageDownloader downloaderWithURL:url delegate:self];

这样SDWebImageDownloaderDelegate协议的方法 imageDownloader:didFinishWithImage:被调用时下载会立即开始并完成。

独立的异步图像缓存

SDImageCache类提供一个创建空缓存的实例,并用方法imageForKey:来寻找当前缓存。

UIImage *myCachedImage = [[SDImageCache sharedImageCache] imageFromKey:myCacheKey]; 

存储一个图像到缓存是使用方法[[SDImageCache sharedImageCache] storeImage:myImage forKey:myCacheKey];
【注】默认情况下,图像将被存储在内存缓存和磁盘缓存中。如果仅仅是想内存缓存中,要使用storeImage:forKey:toDisk:方法的第三个参数带一负值来替代。

SDWebImage库的作用:

通过对UIImageView的类别扩展来实现异步加载替换图片的工作。
主要用到的对象:

SDImageCache是怎么做数据管理的?

SDImageCache分两个部分,一个是内存层面的,一个是硬盘层面的。

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