OC中字符串和数值的方法与运用实例解析

2016-03-23  本文已影响106人  WilliamChou_

OC中字符串有两种,一种是不可变字符串(NSString),一种是可变字符串(NSMutableString),不可变字符串中的内容不允许被改变,而可变字符串中的内容允许被改变。

不可变字符串NSString

首先创建一个空的字符串

NSString *initStr = [[NSString alloc]init];

NSString *initStr = [NSString string];

创建字符串的方法有下面几种:

1.以字符串创建新的字符串

NSString *initStr = [[NSString alloc]initWithString:@"xiaoming"];

2.以字符串初始化字符串

NSString *initStr = [NSString stringWithString:@"xiaoming"];

3.按格式化创建新的字符串

NSString *initStr =[[NSString alloc]initWithFormat:@"a = %d",5];

NSString *initStr =[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",@"bajie"];

NSLog(@"initStr = %@",initStr);

NSLog(@"initStr = %@",initStr);

NSString一些常用的方法

1.将一个数字转换成字符串

NSInteger a=100;

NSString *initStr7 = [[NSStringalloc]initWithFormat:@"ld",a];

NSLog(@"initStr7 = %@",initStr7);

2.字面量的表示(示例为获取字符串的长度)

NSString *initStr8 = @"dashixiong";

NSInteger len = initStr8.length;

3.获取指定的字符(characteAtIndex必须小于字符串的长度)

char c = [initStr8characterAtIndex:0];

NSLog(@"c = %c",c);

4.获取子串有三种方法

(1)从指定位置开始到结束

NSString *subStr = [initStr8 substringFromIndex:2];

NSLog(@"%@",subStr);

(2)从0开始到指定位置结束(不包含给定的位置)

NSString *subStr1 =  [initStr8substringToIndex:2];

NSLog(@"subStr1 = %@",subStr1);

NSRange range = {1,2};

NSString *subStr3 = [initStr8 substringWithRange:range];

NSLog(@"%@",subStr3);

(3)获取第三个字符到倒数第二个字符

NSRange range2 = {2,initStr8.length-3};

NSString *subStr4 = [initStr8 substringWithRange:range];

NSLog(@"%@",subStr4);

5.字符串的比较(按照ascii码表进行对比,对比规则同strcmp一样)(字符串的比较是BOOL类型,所以输出的值有三种情况-1、0、1)

NSString *str1 =@"dashixiong";

NSString *str2 = @"ershixiong";

NSInteger result = [initStr8 compare:str2];

NSLog(@"result = %ld",result);

判断字符串是否相等:

BOOL flag = [str1isEqualToString:str2];

NSLog(@"%d",flag);

6.判断是否有前缀/后缀

flag = [str1 hasPrefix:@"er"];  //判断前缀

NSLog(@"flag = %d",flag);

flag = [str2 hasSuffix:@"xiong"];  //判断后缀

NSLog(@"flag = %d",flag);

7.拼接(拼接的结果在新的字符串中,所以这个方法是有返回值的,对拼接的两个字符串本身不做改变)

NSString *str5 = @"I love you";  //首先定义一个字符串

(1)将一个字符串拼接到老字符串后面

NSString *appendStr = [str5 stringByAppendingString:@"iPhone 5e"];

NSLog(@"%@",appendStr);

(2)按格式化产生一个字符串并拼接到老字符串后面

appendStr =  [str5 stringByAppendingFormat:@"%d iPhone 5e",5];

NSLog(@"appendStr = %@",appendStr);

注意:字符串可以直接复制不需要方法

NSString *str10 =str5;

8.将字符串中所有字符大/小写、单词首字母大写

(1)全部大写

NSString *upStr =  [str5uppercaseString];

NSLog(@"upStr = %@",upStr);

(2)全部小写

NSString *lowStr = [str5lowercaseString];

NSLog(@"lowStr =%@",lowStr);

(3)单词首字母大写

NSString *capStr = [str5capitalizedString];

NSLog(@"CapStr = %@",capStr);

9.替换(不可变字符串本身内容不可以被改变,所以替换的结果是在被返回的新的字符串中)

NSString *str20 = @"I love you";  //首先定义一个字符串

(1)用字符串替换指定范围内的字符

NSRange range1 = {2,4};

NSString *replaceStr = [str20 stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:range withString:@"hate"];

NSLog(@"replaceStr = %@",replaceStr);

(2)用指定字符串替换指定所有出现的字符串

NSString *replaceStr1 = [str20stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"love"withString:@"hate"];

NSLog(@"replaceStr1 = %@",replaceStr1);

可变字符串NSMutableString

1.对象的创建方法

(1)创建一个新字符串,为字符串预留10个字符的空间

NSMutableString *mInitStr = [[NSMutableStringalloc]initWithCapacity:10];

(2)利用字符串来创建一个可变字符串(这是一个可变的字符串,所以不可以用字面量)

NSMutableString *mInitStr2 = [[NSMutableString alloc]initWithString:@"shifu"];

2.拼接

[mInitStr2 appendString:@"大师兄不见了"];

NSLog(@"%@",mInitStr2);

[mInitStr2 appendFormat:@"I have %d",8];

NSLog(@"%@",mInitStr2);

3.插入 (在指定下标处插入字符串)

[mInitStr2 insertString:@"ershixiong" atIndex:6];

NSLog(@"%@",mInitStr2);

4.删除

NSMutableString *mStr =[NSMutableStringstringWithString:@"I love you"];

NSRange range5 ={0,1};

[mStrdeleteCharactersInRange:range5];

NSLog(@"%@",mStr);

5.替换(replaceOccurrencesOfString中输入的是被替换的字符串,

withString中输入的是新字符串,options中输入的是查找的方式,range中写的是范围)

注意:options是枚举类型

NSRange range6 = {2,7};

[mStrreplaceOccurrencesOfString:@"o"withString:@"ab"options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearchrange:range6];

NSLog(@"%@",mStr);

NSString *reStr = [mStrstringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"ab"withString:@"o"];

NSLog(@"%@",reStr);

6.将字符串转换为数字

NSString *dStr = @"200";

NSInteger age = [dStr integerValue];

NSLog(@"%ld",age);

数值类

1.将数字18转换成数值对象

NSNumber *number = [[NSNumber alloc]initWithInt:18];

2.将18.34转换成数值对象

NSNumber *number1 = [[NSNumber alloc]initWithFloat:18.34];

3.将字符‘A’转换成数值对象

NSNumber *number2 =[NSNumber numberWithChar:'A'];

4.将数值对象转换成基本数据

NSInteger age1 = [number intValue];

NSLog(@"%ld",age1);

NSLog(@"%lf",number.floatValue);

NSLog(@"%c",number.charValue);

5.把BOOL变量转换成数值

BOOL f = YES;

NSNumber *number4 = [NSNumber numberWithChar:f];

NSLog(@"%@",number4);

NSNumber *fnumber =@(f);

6.字面量 @(基本数据类型)

NSNumber *zNumber =@('A');

NSValue

1.将点结构体转换成对象

NSPoint point = {1,2};

NSValue *value = [NSValuevalueWithPoint:point];

2.将对象转换成结构体

NSPoint pp = value.pointValue;

NSLog(@"pp.x = %.f , pp.y =%.f",pp.x,pp.y);

3.将自定义结构体转换成对象

typedef struct student  //首先在import下面main上方写一个结构体

{

char name[20];

char sex;

int age;

float score;

int num;

}Student;

//回到main里面

struct student stu ={"xiaohong",'F',19,100,11};

NSValue *stuValue =[[NSValue alloc]initWithBytes:&stu objCType:@encode(struct student)];

4.将对象转换成自定义的结构体(刚刚的student为例)

struct student stu1;

[stuValue getValue:&stu1];

NSLog(@"name = %s,sex =%c,age=%d,score =%f,num =%d",stu1.name,stu1.sex,stu1.age,stu1.score,stu1.num);

上一篇下一篇

猜你喜欢

热点阅读