文化 | 金盆洗手

2018-04-19  本文已影响0人  犀牛角Richard

在日本,从事暴力或有组织犯罪活动的人士或团体,会被社会、警界、法律认定为“暴力团”。简单来说就是大家熟知的黑社会,而他们在多数时候将自己称为“极道”,日本对这类人更为广泛的称呼是 Yakuza。需要注意的是,这里 Yakuza 是对日本所有黑社会的统称,并不是指单独某个组织。同时,日本宪法明文规定了“结社自由”,所以 Yakuza 在日本可以成为合法注册的组织,并受到宪法的保护。但在当下整个社会反黑的背景下,Yakuza 作为从事暴力或有组织犯罪活动的人士或团体,日本当地政府也不会放任其不管不顾,进而采取了相应措施来对 Yakuza 进行限制或筹集资金鼓励其就业。如今,Yakuza 各项活动大多都是以盈利为最终目的,这就导致了那些选择“极道”的人,也许会慢慢发生转变,逐渐融入主流社会。

本篇课程首发于2018年4月19日

难度系数:★★★☆☆
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Going straight: Japan's yakuza

① A local government launches a novel bid this week to fight organised crime.

② Fukuoka Prefecture has earmarked ¥4.2m ($40,000) to lure gangsters from the demimonde.

③ Fukuoka is a yakuza stronghold, reportedly with more than 2,000 affiliated members.

④ Officials say the money will pay for accommodation and travel to job interviews.
⑤ It's not much, but any such subsidy marks a change in the government's stance.

⑥ Though tough new laws have sent yakuza membership plummeting, it remains a potent criminal force—and an evolving one.

⑦ Traditional cash cows such as extortion and prostitution have given way to harder-to-detect financial crimes, and mobsters are reportedly eyeing rich pickings from construction and entertainment contracts ahead of the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo.

⑧ Even for the increasing number who want out, it can be a struggle: many mobsters are instantly recognisable thanks to elaborate tattoos and missing fingers, lopped off in atonement for serious in-house offences.

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