一、基于commit命令方式创建

1. docker的安装

[root@test01 ~]# yum install docker
[root@test01 ~]# systemctl enable docker
[root@test01 ~]# systemctl start docker

2. 下载本地镜像

[root@test01 ~]# docker pull centos:7.4.1708
[root@test01 ~]# docker images 
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/centos    7.4.1708            3afd47092a0e        3 months ago        196.6 MB

3. 创建交互型容器

[root@test01 ~]# docker run -it --name="mysql_server" centos /bin/bash

4.安装mariadb服务

[root@e8126d0481d2 /]# yum -y install mariadb-server net-tools

5. 初始化mariadb

[root@e8126d0481d2 /]# mysql_install_db --user=mysql

6. 后台启动mariadb服务

[root@e8126d0481d2 /]# mysqld_safe &
[1] 114
[root@e8126d0481d2 /]# 
180210 13:45:27 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
180210 13:45:27 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql

[root@e8126d0481d2 /]# netstat -tunpl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      -                   

7. 创建mariadb登录密码，并可以指定ip登录

[root@e8126d0481d2 /]# mysqladmin -u root password '123456'
[root@e8126d0481d2 /]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql;
MariaDB [mysql]> select Host from user where user='root';
MariaDB [mysql]> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
MariaDB [mysql]> update user set password=password('123456') where user='root' and host='e8126d0481d2';
MariaDB [mysql]> flush privileges;
MariaDB [mysql]> exit

8. 容器登录验证

[root@e8126d0481d2 /]# mysql -u root -h 172.17.0.2 -p
Enter password:
MariaDB [(none)]> exit

9. 创建容器启动脚本

[root@e8126d0481d2 ~]# cat run.sh
#!/bin/sh

mysqld_safe

10. 创建镜像

[root@test01 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
e8126d0481d2        centos              "/bin/bash"         11 minutes ago      Exited (0) 8 seconds ago                       mysql_server
[root@test01 ~]# docker commit mysql_server mariadb:1.0

11. 创建容器

[root@test01 ~]# docker run -d -p 13306:3306 mariadb:1.0 /root/run.sh
[root@test01 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                     NAMES
eed3e88a1261        mariadb:1.0         "mysqld_safe"       4 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds        0.0.0.0:13306->3306/tcp   romantic_hamilton

12. 主机登录验证

[root@test01 ~]# yum -y install mariadb
[root@test01 ~]# mysql -u root --port=13306 -p
MariaDB [(none)]>

二、基于Dockerfile方式创建

1. 设置创建目录和文件

[root@test01 ~]# mkdir mariadb_dockerfile && cd mariadb_dockerfile
[root@test01 mariadb_dockerfile]# touch db_init.sh 
[root@test01 mariadb_dockerfile]# touch run.sh

2. 编辑Dockerfile等文件
   Dockerfile

[root@test01 mariadb_dockerfile]# cat Dockerfile 
#使用的基础镜像
FROM centos:7.4.1708

#添加作者信息
MAINTAINER liuxin 842887233@qq.com

#安装mariadb数据库
RUN yum -y install mariadb-server

#设置环境变量，便于管理
ENV MARIADB_USER root
ENV MARIADB_PASS 123456
#让容器支持中文
ENV LC_ALL en_US.UTF-8

#初始化数据库
ADD db_init.sh /root/db_init.sh
RUN chmod 775 /root/db_init.sh
RUN /root/db_init.sh

#导出端口
EXPOSE 3306

#添加启动文件
ADD run.sh /root/run.sh
RUN chmod 775 /root/run.sh

#设置默认启动命令
CMD ["/root/run.sh"]

db_init.sh

[root@test01 mariadb_dockerfile]# cat db_init.sh 
#!/bin/bash

mysql_install_db --user=mysql
sleep 3
mysqld_safe &
sleep 3
#mysqladmin -u "$MARIADB_USER" password "$MARIADB_PASS"
mysql -e "use mysql; grant all privileges on *.* to '$MARIADB_USER'@'%' identified by '$MARIADB_PASS' with grant option;"
h=$(hostname)
mysql -e "use mysql; update user set password=password('$MARIADB_PASS') where user='$MARIADB_USER' and host='$h';"
mysql -e "flush privileges;"

run.sh

[root@test01 mariadb_dockerfile]# cat run.sh 
#!/bin/bash
mysqld_safe

3. 创建镜像

[root@test01 mariadb_dockerfile]# docker build -t liuxin/centos-mariadb:v1 ./

4. 创建容器

[root@test01 mariadb_dockerfile]# docker run -d -p 13306:3306 liuxin/centos-mariadb:v1 /root/run.sh
[root@test01 mariadb_dockerfile]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                      COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                     NAMES
7743527ac603        liuxin/centos-mariadb:v1   "/root/run.sh"      5 seconds ago       Up 3 seconds        0.0.0.0:13306->3306/tcp   nostalgic_mirzakhani

5. 登录验证

[root@test01 mariadb_dockerfile]# mysql -uroot -h 127.0.0.1 --port=13306 -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.56-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> exit