Linux

Linux - 信息显示命令

2017-05-02  本文已影响4人  谢小帅
  • dmesg

dmesg

显示机器引导时内核显示的状态信息

dmesg
[    0.000000] Linux version 4.8.0-22-generic (buildd@lgw01-11) (gcc version 6.2.0 20161005 (Ubuntu 6.2.0-5ubuntu12) ) #24-Ubuntu SMP Sat Oct 8 09:15:00 UTC 2016 (Ubuntu 4.8.0-22.24-generic 4.8.0)
[    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.8.0-22-generic root=UUID=16516575-9911-4422-aa8c-cd183264a6f4 ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7
[    0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus:
[    0.000000]   Intel GenuineIntel
[    0.000000]   AMD AuthenticAMD
[    0.000000]   Centaur CentaurHauls
[    0.000000] Disabled fast string operations
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x001: 'x87 floating point registers'
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x002: 'SSE registers'
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x004: 'AVX registers'
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: xstate_offset[2]:  576, xstate_sizes[2]:  256
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: Enabled xstate features 0x7, context size is 832 bytes, using 'standard' format.
[    0.000000] x86/fpu: Using 'eager' FPU context switches.
[    0.000000] e820: BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009fbff] usable
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000009fc00-0x000000000009ffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000dc000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x000000003ffebfff] usable
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000003ffec000-0x000000003ffedfff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000003ffee000-0x000000003fffafff] ACPI data
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000003fffb000-0x000000003fffffff] ACPI NVS
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fd000000-0x00000000fd7fffff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fec00000-0x00000000fec00fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fed00000-0x00000000fed00fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000fee00000-0x00000000fee00fff] reserved
[    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000ffc00000-0x00000000ffffffff] reserved
[    0.000000] NX (Execute Disable) protection: active
[    0.000000] SMBIOS 2.7 present.
[    0.000000] DMI: Parallels Software International Inc. Parallels Virtual Platform/Parallels Virtual Platform, BIOS 12.1.3 (41532) 01/18/2017
[    0.000000] Hypervisor detected: KVM
…… 后面还有很多

注:DMI Desktop Management Interface 桌面管理界面

file

显示文件类型

shuai@ubuntu:~$ file a.txt 
a.txt: ASCII text
shuai@ubuntu:~$ file manage.py 
manage.py: Python script, ASCII text executable
shuai@ubuntu:~$ file Desktop/
Desktop/: directory

who

查看其它登录的用户

shuai@ubuntu:~$ who
shuai    tty7         2017-04-19 18:22 (:0)
shuai@ubuntu:~$ who -b // 系统最后启动时间
         system boot  2017-04-19 18:22
shuai@ubuntu:~$ who -a // 显示所有信息
           system boot  2017-04-19 18:22
           run-level 5  2017-04-19 18:22
LOGIN      tty1         2017-04-19 18:22              1172 id=tty1
shuai    + tty7         2017-04-19 18:22  old         2169 (:0)
shuai@ubuntu:~$ who -H -a // 显示项目标头
NAME       LINE         TIME             IDLE          PID COMMENT  EXIT
           system boot  2017-04-19 18:22
           run-level 5  2017-04-19 18:22
LOGIN      tty1         2017-04-19 18:22              1172 id=tty1
shuai    + tty7         2017-04-19 18:22  old         2169 (:0)
shuai@ubuntu:~$ who -r // 系统运行等级(5:图形GUI模式)
         run-level 5  2017-04-19 18:22
shuai@ubuntu:~$ who -w // 登录帐号后面显示一个字符来表示用户的信息状态(+: 允许写)
shuai    + tty7         2017-04-19 18:22 (:0)
shuai@ubuntu:~$ who -q
shuai
# users=1

who输出通用格式 name [state] line time [idle] [pid] [comment] [exit]

Linux运行级别(run-level)

|运行级别|级别说明|
|:-:||-|
|0|系统停机状态,系统默认运行级别不能设为0,否则不能正常启动
|1|单用户工作状态,root权限,用于系统维护,禁止远程登陆
|2|多用户状态(没有NFS)
|3|完全的多用户状态(有NFS),登陆后进入控制台命令行模式(系统默认运行级)
|4|系统未使用,保留
|5|X11控制台,登陆后进入图形GUI模式
|6|系统正常关闭并重启,默认运行级别不能设为6,否则不能正常启动

whoami

查看登录用户自己的信息

ShuaideMacBook-Pro:~ shuai$ su
Password:
sh-3.2# whoami
root
sh-3.2# exit
exit
ShuaideMacBook-Pro:~ shuai$ whoami
shuai

hostname

查看主机名 (根据/etc/hosts文件显示)

shuai@ubuntu:~$ hostname
ubuntu
shuai@ubuntu:~$ hostname -i // 显示本机IP地址
127.0.1.1

/etc/hosts文件

shuai@ubuntu:/etc$ file hosts
hosts: ASCII text
shuai@ubuntu:/etc$ cat hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost
127.0.1.1   ubuntu

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

uname

显示系统信息

shuai@ubuntu:~$ uname
Linux
shuai@ubuntu:~$ uname -s // 内核名
Linux
shuai@ubuntu:~$ uname -r // 内核版本
4.8.0-22-generic
shuai@ubuntu:~$ uname -I // 硬件平台
x86_64
shuai@ubuntu:~$ uname -p // 处理器类型
x86_64
shuai@ubuntu:~$ uname -o // 操作系统类型
GNU/Linux
shuai@ubuntu:~$ uname -a
Linux ubuntu 4.8.0-49-generic #52-Ubuntu SMP Thu Apr 20 09:38:39 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

du

统计文件大小

shuai@ubuntu:~$ cat a.txt 
where
who
when who is here?
1234
shuai@ubuntu:~$ du a.txt -c // K
4   a.txt
4   total
shuai@ubuntu:~$ du a.txt -b // Bytes
33  a.txt

df

报告文件系统磁盘空间的使用情况

shuai@ubuntu:~$ df
Filesystem     1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev              483896         0    483896   0% /dev
tmpfs             101120     13024     88096  13% /run
/dev/sda1       64760428   4993904  56447180   9% /
tmpfs             505588       224    505364   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs               5120         4      5116   1% /run/lock
tmpfs             505588         0    505588   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
Home           243831168 180531408  63299760  75% /media/psf/Home
iCloud         243831168 180531408  63299760  75% /media/psf/iCloud
Photo Library  243831168 180531408  63299760  75% /media/psf/Photo Library
tmpfs             101116       128    100988   1% /run/user/1000
ShuaideMacBook-Pro:~ shuai$ df
Filesystem    512-blocks      Used Available Capacity iused      ifree %iused  Mounted on
/dev/disk1     487662336 360552008 126598328    75% 2146204 4292821075    0%   /
devfs                370       370         0   100%     640          0  100%   /dev
map -hosts             0         0         0   100%       0          0  100%   /net
map auto_home          0         0         0   100%       0          0  100%   /home

free

查看当前内存和交换空间的使用情况

shuai@ubuntu:~$ free
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:        1011180      607588       99500        9824      304092      243476
Swap:       1046524      305244      741280
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