友邻哲学旅人 E50 培根归纳法的师承

Bacon makes no claim to parthenogenetic originality; like Shakespeare he takes with a lordly hand, and with the same excuse, that he adorns whatever he touches.
培根从来没有说过归纳法是他自己开天辟地前无古人的发明；就像莎士比亚一样，他用高傲的的手把所触及之处都蓬荜生辉。

这件事早就有人做了，培根也看到了，但他进而进行了发扬。

1.培根和莎士比亚都处在文艺复兴相对末期的英国，享受着伊丽莎白末代和詹姆士时代的强盛。

1.虽然这种东西一般老百姓也会，但是培根把少数人和众人潜意识知道的东西变成能够教给大家掌握的方法论。（作者代表培根对大家的第一次回击）

2.培根之前的人也讲过归纳法，但是除了培根，剩下的人都有一定瑕疵的，不像培根坚守的第一武器就是归纳法。

3.那归纳法是培根原创的？其实不是，也是传承的，前人对他还是有影响的。

Every man has his sources, as every organism has its food; what is his is the way in which he digests them and turns them into flesh and blood.
每个人都有他思想的渊源，就像所有生物都有它自己的食物一样；对于培根来讲，他自己的一套方法是消化他们并把他们变成血肉之躯。

As Rawley puts it, Bacon "contemned no man's observations, but would light his torch at every man's candle."
就像洛雷所言，培根“不蔑视任何人的观察，却用自己的火炬点亮了每一个人的蜡烛。”

But Bacon acknowledges these debts: he refers to "that useful method of Hippocrates,"—so sending us at once to the real source of inductive logic among the Greeks; and "Plato," he writes (where less accurately we write "Socrates"), "giveth good example of inquiry by induction and view of particulars; though in such a wandering manner as is of no force or fruit."
并且，培根也承认了自己的师承，他说的“希波克拉底那种有效的方法”--将我们送到了归纳逻辑的真正发祥地希腊。他还说道：“柏拉图树立了用具体事例进行归纳与考察的榜样，虽然他在这方面并未取得什么成效。”

医学对于方法论的贡献是巨大的，你的病症和外部的哪些因素产生了正相关。

西医归纳法，中医演绎法。

He would have disdained to dispute his obligations to these predecessors; and we should disdain to exaggerate them.
培根从来没有承认自己不认这笔债，所以我们不要去夸大这件事情。

（既然培根承认了先哲们对他的启发，我们又何苦夸大其词呢？）

语言点

parthenogenetic: adj. 单性生殖的

adorn: vt. 装饰

organism: n. 生物体

contemn: vt. 蔑视

acknowledge: vt. 承认；答谢

disdain: vt. 鄙视

predecessor: n. 前辈；先贤