设计模式-单例设计模式

2017-09-17  本文已影响0人  woochen123

定义

应用内只存在类的一个实例

饿汉式

public class Singleton {
    public  static Singleton mInstance = new Singleton();

    private Singleton() {
    }
    
    public  static Singleton getInstance(){
        return mInstance;
    }
}

懒汉式

public class Singleton {
    public static Singleton mInstance ;

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance(){
        if (mInstance == null) {
            mInstance = new Singleton();
        } 
        return mInstance;
    }
}

存在问题:多线程并发时,可能new出多个对象

public class Singleton {
    public static Singleton mInstance ;

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public synchronized static Singleton getInstance(){
        if (mInstance == null) {
            mInstance = new Singleton();
        }
        return mInstance;
    }
}

存在问题:多线程并发时,每个线程都需要判断一次同步锁,效率较低

public class Singleton {
    public static Singleton mInstance ;

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public  static Singleton getInstance(){
        if (mInstance == null) {
            synchronized (Singleton.class){
                if (mInstance == null) {
                    mInstance = new Singleton();
                }
            }
        }
        return mInstance;
    }
}

存在问题:存在不加关键字volatile的弊端
volatile的作用:

  1. 防止重排序( 1 分配一块内存空间 2 初始化对象(指向内存空间) 3赋值
    多线程时2,3可能会更换顺序,出现意想不到的错误)
  2. 线程可见(一个线程改变了公用对象,短时间内,可能对另一个线程不可见)
public class Singleton {
    public volatile static Singleton mInstance ;

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public  static  Singleton getInstance(){
        if (mInstance == null) {
            synchronized (Singleton.class){
                if (mInstance == null) {
                    mInstance = new Singleton();
                }
            }
        }
        return mInstance;
    }
}

静态内部类

public class Singleton {
    public static Singleton mInstance;

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        return SingletonHolder.mInstance;
    }

    static class SingletonHolder {
        static Singleton mInstance = new Singleton();
    }
}

容器管理

public class Singleton {
    public static Map<String,Object> mSingleMap = new HashMap<>();

    static {
        mSingleMap.put("activity_manager",new Singleton());
    }

    private Singleton() {
    }

    public static Object getInstance(String name) {
        return  mSingleMap.get(name);
    }

}
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