使用树莓派+Node-RED+百度天工搭建温湿度监控告警系统

2020-06-24  本文已影响0人  atorber

简介

本文档介绍了基于树莓派+百度天工（物接入、TSDB、物可视）快速搭建一个环境温湿度监测告警系统。帮助用户熟悉天工物接入的接入方式、物影子概念以及使用方式等内容，快速搭建自己物联网硬件和应用。

阅读本示例前建议先熟悉快速入门文档。

场景描述

该场景演示物联网应用场景中常用的功能，包括设备接入、数据上报、数据存储、数据展示、远程控制、配置下发等。

硬件清单

  1. 树莓派3B+ 1台
  2. DHT11温湿度传感器 1个
  3. LED指示灯（普通发光二极管） 2个

实现方案

  1. 使用树莓派+node-red实现硬件控制，预装Raspian系统的树莓派自带node-red，不需要安装，使用其他操作系统的树莓派可能需要单独安装一下，关于node-red的介绍和安装本教程不做详细介绍了，不了解的同学可以自行百度学习
  2. 在平台创建相应的物模型和物影子，获取设备接入平台需要的MQTT连接信息
  3. 使用树莓派外接温湿度传感器以30s周期实时采集环境温湿度，并上报到平台
  4. 设置报警阈值，当温湿度达到设定值后，树莓派外接报警指示灯亮起，可通过微信小程序或控制台远程消除报警状态熄灭告警灯
  5. 设置数据自动存储到TSDB
  6. 配置物可视大屏实时显示当前温湿度信息以及历史数据曲线、温湿度超限报警信息

操作步骤

创建物模型和设备影子

物模型配置

首先按如下配置信息在控制台创建一个物模型，物模型中设置了6个属性，分别代表温湿度当前值、温湿度告警指示灯状态、温湿度告警阈值，详细配置如下：

名称：hygrothermoscope
描述：用于天工平台能力演示的通用设备

序号 显示名称 属性名称 数据类型 默认值 单位
1 温度 temperature number 0.00 ℃
2 湿度 humidity number 0.00 %rh
3 温度告警 temperature_alarm number 0
4 湿度告警 humidity_alarm number 0
5 温度阈值 temperature_alarm_value number 25 ℃
6 湿度阈值 humidity_alarm_value number 40 %rh

配置页面如图：


（控制台截图）

物影子配置

创建完物模型后，为设备创建一个物影子，来获得设备接入天工平台需要的MQTT连接用户名和密码，创建成功后注意保存影子的连接信息，配置信息如下：

名称：demo01
描述：——
物模型：hygrothermoscope

配置页面如图：


（控制台截图)

硬件开发和配置

按下表连接树莓派和传感器、告警指示灯

DHT11电气参数
电源电压：3~5.5V（典型值：5V）；
温度量程：0~50℃，误差 ±2℃；
湿度量程：20~90%RH，误差 ±5%RH；
采样周期：大于等于1秒/次。

元器件 引脚 树莓派GPIO
DHT11 VDD 5V Power（pin2）
DHT11 DATA GPIO24（pin18）
DHT11 GND Ground（pin14）
温度告警指示灯 正极 GPIO23（pin16）
温度告警指示灯 负极 Ground（pin6）
湿度告警指示灯 正极 GPIO25（pin22）
湿度告警指示灯 负极 Ground（pin9）

连接后的实物图：


图片

部署和运行

经过上边的流程编写之后，我们将程序部署到树莓派中去，只需要点击页面右上角的部署，node-red会把我们编写的程序自动部署并运行
接着我们就可以通过观察控制台设备影子数据变化验证我们的成果了。
step1：观察控制台设备影子数据变化，初始时像这样，设备开始上报数据了


图片

step2：简单粗暴的方式，向传感器哈气，当然是用加湿器或电吹风效果更突出，效果是这样，温湿度数值增高，报警灯亮起
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远程下发指令

最后我们演示一下如何向设备下发指令，下发指令操作我们使用控制台提供的下发功能，当然你也可以通过调用天工提供的api实现，在我们的demo中设备可以响应的指令有两种，一种是控制告警指示灯熄灭，另一种远程设置告警阈值。

设置数据自动存储到TSDB

打开demo01物影子详情页，切换到物详情tab，将6个属性全部设置为“上报即存储”，设置之后设备上报的所有数据将自动存储到我们设置的TSDB中


图片

物可视大屏展示

使用物可视大屏将设备数据汇总显示，关于物可视的使用请阅读物可视相关文档，此处我们直接展示本次基于单台设备通过拖拉拽零代码实现的大屏效果，更多效果可以进一步发掘


图片

更多控制方法

此外，你也可以发掘更多的控制方法，比如控制端通过创建MQTT连接，向更新设备影子主题发布包含desired的消息，以下原始控制指令可参考

指令下发topic

$baidu/iot/shadow/demo01/update

设置阈值

{
    "requestId":"1234567890",
    "desired":{
        "humidity_alarm_value":12,
        "temperature_alarm_value":24
    }
}

消除告警

{
    "requestId":"1234567890",
    "desired":{
        "temperature_alarm":0,
        "humidity_alarm":0
    }
}

完整node-red流程

复制并粘贴保存为.json文件或 点击下载，导入你的node-red即可使用（一定要记得修改MQTT节点的信息）

[{"id":"e0b82240.b53ae","type":"tab","label":"获取环境温湿度","disabled":false,"info":""},{"id":"79ed18b7.b0cba8","type":"tab","label":"获取设备影子","disabled":false,"info":""},{"id":"fcc59dc.0f9396","type":"tab","label":"上报设备状态","disabled":false,"info":""},{"id":"eb9cfc66.b315","type":"tab","label":"指示灯告警","disabled":false,"info":""},{"id":"cc69204f.1129b","type":"tab","label":"接收云端指令","disabled":false,"info":""},{"id":"876561eb.4dc06","type":"mqtt-broker","z":"","name":"mqtt-demo01","broker":"1cb210f148044b6c8ac45382ef0d9e02.mqtt.iot.gz.baidubce.com","port":"1883","clientid":"demo01","usetls":false,"compatmode":true,"keepalive":"60","cleansession":true,"birthTopic":"","birthQos":"0","birthPayload":"","closeTopic":"","closeQos":"0","closePayload":"","willTopic":"","willQos":"0","willPayload":""},{"id":"aeaf02d5.9bfb","type":"mqtt out","z":"79ed18b7.b0cba8","name":"","topic":"$baidu/iot/shadow/demo01/get","qos":"0","retain":"","broker":"876561eb.4dc06","x":670,"y":60,"wires":[]},{"id":"1c4ebe.2fe0c143","type":"mqtt in","z":"79ed18b7.b0cba8","name":"","topic":"$baidu/iot/shadow/demo01/get/accepted","qos":"0","datatype":"json","broker":"876561eb.4dc06","x":220,"y":160,"wires":[["32f0f23.b929f0e"]]},{"id":"32f0f23.b929f0e","type":"function","z":"79ed18b7.b0cba8","name":"初始化设备","func":"\n\nglobal.set('temperature_alarm_value',msg.payload.reported.temperature_alarm_value)\n\nglobal.set('humidity_alarm_value',msg.payload.reported.humidity_alarm_value)\n\nglobal.set('humidity_alarm',0)\n\nglobal.set('temperature_alarm',0)\n\nglobal.set('humidity',0)\n\nglobal.set('temperature',0)\n\nglobal.set('humidity_alarm_has_reported',false)\n\nglobal.set('temperature_alarm_has_reported',false)\n\n\n\nreturn {};\n\n\n","outputs":1,"noerr":0,"x":520,"y":160,"wires":[["27781181.55b2be"]]},{"id":"27781181.55b2be","type":"debug","z":"79ed18b7.b0cba8","name":"获取影子成功","active":true,"tosidebar":true,"console":false,"tostatus":false,"complete":"true","targetType":"full","x":740,"y":160,"wires":[]},{"id":"ad0d021d.af49f","type":"function","z":"79ed18b7.b0cba8","name":"get_shadow","func":"var res={}\n\nvar parmars={\n    \"requestId\": new Date().getTime(),\n}\n\nres.payload=parmars\n\nreturn res;","outputs":1,"noerr":0,"x":370,"y":60,"wires":[["aeaf02d5.9bfb"]]},{"id":"1e5c7528.4ac8eb","type":"status","z":"79ed18b7.b0cba8","name":"","scope":["1c4ebe.2fe0c143"],"x":140,"y":60,"wires":[["ad0d021d.af49f"]]},{"id":"55874635.ff36b8","type":"inject","z":"fcc59dc.0f9396","name":"周期上报","topic":"","payload":"","payloadType":"date","repeat":"30","crontab":"","once":false,"onceDelay":0.1,"x":150,"y":260,"wires":[["464a70e6.efb22","b17d0f7c.856ed"]]},{"id":"464a70e6.efb22","type":"function","z":"fcc59dc.0f9396","name":"formate","func":"var res={}\n\nvar parmars={\n    \"requestId\": new Date().getTime(),\n    \"reported\": {}\n}\nparmars.reported.randomnum=Math.random(100)*1000\n\nparmars.reported.temperature=global.get('temperature')\n\nparmars.reported.humidity=global.get('humidity')\n\n\nres.payload=parmars\n\nreturn res;","outputs":1,"noerr":0,"x":380,"y":260,"wires":[["a4e7196e.af6578","66b34bbc.208864"]]},{"id":"a4e7196e.af6578","type":"mqtt out","z":"fcc59dc.0f9396","name":"","topic":"$baidu/iot/shadow/demo01/update","qos":"0","retain":"","broker":"876561eb.4dc06","x":720,"y":260,"wires":[]},{"id":"bcdb86b3.317e38","type":"rpi-gpio out","z":"cc69204f.1129b","name":"温度告警灯","pin":"16","set":true,"level":"0","freq":"","out":"out","x":650,"y":200,"wires":[]},{"id":"41b5ee5b.2e3fa","type":"mqtt out","z":"cc69204f.1129b","name":"","topic":"$baidu/iot/shadow/demo01/update","qos":"0","retain":"","broker":"876561eb.4dc06","x":980,"y":320,"wires":[]},{"id":"1b30c52e.29897b","type":"function","z":"cc69204f.1129b","name":"t_alarm_off","func":"\nvar res={}\nvar turn_on=0\n\nif(msg.payload.desired.temperature_alarm==1){\n    turn_on=1\n}\nres.payload=turn_on\n\nreturn res;","outputs":1,"noerr":0,"x":390,"y":160,"wires":[["479a6a71.773114"]]},{"id":"8a6175a2.3e85a8","type":"function","z":"cc69204f.1129b","name":"h_alarm_off","func":"var res={}\nvar turn_on=0\n\nif(msg.payload.desired.humidity_alarm==1){\n    turn_on=1\n}\n\n\nres.payload=turn_on\n\nreturn res;","outputs":1,"noerr":0,"x":390,"y":280,"wires":[["d9c514fd.bd0d88"]]},{"id":"4fab39be.a5d838","type":"rpi-gpio out","z":"cc69204f.1129b","name":"湿度告警灯","pin":"22","set":true,"level":"0","freq":"","out":"out","x":650,"y":280,"wires":[]},{"id":"67b64145.91291","type":"mqtt in","z":"cc69204f.1129b","name":"","topic":"$baidu/iot/shadow/demo01/delta","qos":"0","datatype":"json","broker":"876561eb.4dc06","x":150,"y":280,"wires":[["1b30c52e.29897b","8a6175a2.3e85a8","c2f39cb9.96667","4f0b2611.ff8238"]]},{"id":"8b3c3146.b77f2","type":"function","z":"cc69204f.1129b","name":"t_alarm_reported","func":"\nvar res={}\nglobal.set('temperature_alarm',0)\nglobal.set('temperature_alarm_has_reported',false)\n\nvar parmars={\n    \"requestId\": new Date().getTime(),\n    \"reported\": {}\n}\nparmars.reported.randomnum=Math.random(100)*1000\n\nparmars.reported.temperature_alarm=msg.payload==1?1:0\n\n\nres.payload=parmars\n\nreturn res;","outputs":1,"noerr":0,"x":670,"y":160,"wires":[["41b5ee5b.2e3fa","c207e56d.a67738"]]},{"id":"67886b16.9d5274","type":"function","z":"cc69204f.1129b","name":"h_alarm_reported","func":"\n\nvar res={}\nglobal.set('humidity_alarm',0)\nglobal.set('humidity_alarm_has_reported',false)\nvar parmars={\n    \"requestId\": new Date().getTime(),\n    \"reported\": {}\n}\nparmars.reported.randomnum=Math.random(100)*1000\n\nparmars.reported.humidity_alarm=msg.payload==1?1:0\n\n\nres.payload=parmars\n\nreturn res;","outputs":1,"noerr":0,"x":670,"y":320,"wires":[["41b5ee5b.2e3fa","c207e56d.a67738"]]},{"id":"4ff05547.39024c","type":"function","z":"cc69204f.1129b","name":"set_alarm","func":"var parmars={\n    \"requestId\": new Date().getTime(),\n    \"reported\": {\n        temperature_alarm_value:global.get('temperature_alarm_value')||100,\n        humidity_alarm_value:global.get('humidity_alarm_value')||100\n    }\n}\n\nif(msg.payload.desired.temperature_alarm_value){\n    global.set('temperature_alarm_value',msg.payload.desired.temperature_alarm_value)\n    parmars.reported.temperature_alarm_value=msg.payload.desired.temperature_alarm_value\n}\n\nif(msg.payload.desired.humidity_alarm_value ){\n   global.set('humidity_alarm_value',msg.payload.desired.humidity_alarm_value) \n   parmars.reported.humidity_alarm_value=msg.payload.desired.humidity_alarm_value\n}\n\n\nmsg.payload=parmars\n\nreturn msg;","outputs":1,"noerr":0,"x":640,"y":420,"wires":[["41b5ee5b.2e3fa","c207e56d.a67738"]]},{"id":"d9c514fd.bd0d88","type":"switch","z":"cc69204f.1129b","name":"","property":"payload","propertyType":"msg","rules":[{"t":"eq","v":"0","vt":"str"}],"checkall":"true","repair":false,"outputs":1,"x":410,"y":320,"wires":[["67886b16.9d5274","4fab39be.a5d838"]]},{"id":"479a6a71.773114","type":"switch","z":"cc69204f.1129b","name":"","property":"payload","propertyType":"msg","rules":[{"t":"eq","v":"0","vt":"str"}],"checkall":"true","repair":false,"outputs":1,"x":410,"y":200,"wires":[["8b3c3146.b77f2","bcdb86b3.317e38"]]},{"id":"c2f39cb9.96667","type":"function","z":"cc69204f.1129b","name":"if_set_alarm","func":"\nvar parmars=msg.payload.desired.hasOwnProperty(\"temperature_alarm_value\")||msg.payload.desired.hasOwnProperty(\"humidity_alarm_value\")\n\nmsg.to_set=parmars\n\nreturn msg;","outputs":1,"noerr":0,"x":390,"y":380,"wires":[["bdaa5c71.ca261"]]},{"id":"bdaa5c71.ca261","type":"switch","z":"cc69204f.1129b","name":"","property":"to_set","propertyType":"msg","rules":[{"t":"true"}],"checkall":"true","repair":false,"outputs":1,"x":410,"y":420,"wires":[["4ff05547.39024c"]]},{"id":"8b4e4b3d.6d7ae8","type":"mqtt in","z":"fcc59dc.0f9396","name":"","topic":"$baidu/iot/shadow/demo01/update/accepted","qos":"0","datatype":"json","broker":"876561eb.4dc06","x":230,"y":400,"wires":[["66b34bbc.208864"]]},{"id":"66b34bbc.208864","type":"debug","z":"fcc59dc.0f9396","name":"","active":false,"tosidebar":true,"console":false,"tostatus":false,"complete":"true","targetType":"full","x":630,"y":400,"wires":[]},{"id":"ca8cd639.9a4258","type":"debug","z":"79ed18b7.b0cba8","name":"获取影子失败","active":true,"tosidebar":true,"console":false,"tostatus":false,"complete":"true","targetType":"full","x":540,"y":260,"wires":[]},{"id":"a9da906e.29bde","type":"mqtt in","z":"79ed18b7.b0cba8","name":"","topic":"$baidu/iot/shadow/demo01/update/rejected","qos":"0","datatype":"json","broker":"876561eb.4dc06","x":230,"y":260,"wires":[["ca8cd639.9a4258"]]},{"id":"2981152c.63017a","type":"rpi-dht22","z":"e0b82240.b53ae","name":"读DHT11数据","topic":"rpi-dht11","dht":"11","pintype":"0","pin":"18","x":400,"y":240,"wires":[["a2c9546.eeb9ca8","b835ff81.33c0c"]]},{"id":"a2c9546.eeb9ca8","type":"function","z":"e0b82240.b53ae","name":"设置设备当前温湿度状态","func":"\nglobal.set('humidity',Number(msg.humidity).toFixed(2))\nglobal.set('temperature',Number(msg.payload).toFixed(2))\n\nreturn {};","outputs":1,"noerr":0,"x":630,"y":240,"wires":[["c3c0dca4.3972d"]]},{"id":"6662a21c.a9726c","type":"inject","z":"e0b82240.b53ae","name":"周期触发器","topic":"","payload":"","payloadType":"date","repeat":"1","crontab":"","once":false,"onceDelay":0.1,"x":210,"y":240,"wires":[["2981152c.63017a"]]},{"id":"cb542070.5ebac","type":"rpi-gpio out","z":"eb9cfc66.b315","name":"温度告警灯","pin":"16","set":true,"level":"0","freq":"","out":"out","x":790,"y":420,"wires":[]},{"id":"aecdb85d.c5d758","type":"rpi-gpio out","z":"eb9cfc66.b315","name":"湿度告警灯","pin":"22","set":true,"level":"0","freq":"","out":"out","x":790,"y":240,"wires":[]},{"id":"3da13ab1.337fb6","type":"inject","z":"eb9cfc66.b315","name":"","topic":"","payload":"humidity","payloadType":"global","repeat":"1","crontab":"","once":false,"onceDelay":0.1,"x":230,"y":240,"wires":[["85ca2d2.6cbc7d"]]},{"id":"69c07bf5.efa0c4","type":"inject","z":"eb9cfc66.b315","name":"","topic":"","payload":"temperature","payloadType":"global","repeat":"1","crontab":"","once":false,"onceDelay":0.1,"x":240,"y":420,"wires":[["72da2f99.47e7b"]]},{"id":"65a20d4f.e76724","type":"mqtt out","z":"eb9cfc66.b315","name":"","topic":"$baidu/iot/shadow/demo01/update","qos":"0","retain":"","broker":"876561eb.4dc06","x":1060,"y":360,"wires":[]},{"id":"72da2f99.47e7b","type":"function","z":"eb9cfc66.b315","name":"t_alarm_on","func":"var res={}\nvar turn_on=0\n\n\n\nif(global.get('temperature')>global.get('temperature_alarm_value')){\n\n    if(global.get('temperature_alarm_has_reported')){\n\n}else{\n    global.set('temperature_alarm_has_reported',true)  \n    turn_on=1\n}\n}\nres.payload=turn_on\n\nreturn res;","outputs":1,"noerr":0,"x":450,"y":420,"wires":[["7066ca16.508d64"]]},{"id":"85ca2d2.6cbc7d","type":"function","z":"eb9cfc66.b315","name":"h_alarm_on","func":"\nvar res={}\nvar turn_on=0\nif(global.get('humidity')>global.get('humidity_alarm_value')){\n    global.set('humidity_alarm',1)\n    if(global.get('humidity_alarm_has_reported')){\n    \n    }else{\n    global.set('humidity_alarm_has_reported',true)\n        turn_on=1\n    }\n}\nres.payload=turn_on\nreturn res;","outputs":1,"noerr":0,"x":450,"y":240,"wires":[["4dd08a6c.87ecc4"]]},{"id":"7066ca16.508d64","type":"switch","z":"eb9cfc66.b315","name":"","property":"payload","propertyType":"msg","rules":[{"t":"eq","v":"1","vt":"str"}],"checkall":"true","repair":false,"outputs":1,"x":610,"y":420,"wires":[["cb542070.5ebac","c83ff371.eaa0e"]]},{"id":"4dd08a6c.87ecc4","type":"switch","z":"eb9cfc66.b315","name":"","property":"payload","propertyType":"msg","rules":[{"t":"eq","v":"1","vt":"str"}],"checkall":"true","repair":false,"outputs":1,"x":610,"y":240,"wires":[["aecdb85d.c5d758","c83ff371.eaa0e"]]},{"id":"c3c0dca4.3972d","type":"debug","z":"e0b82240.b53ae","name":"","active":false,"tosidebar":true,"console":false,"tostatus":false,"complete":"true","targetType":"full","x":850,"y":240,"wires":[]},{"id":"c83ff371.eaa0e","type":"function","z":"eb9cfc66.b315","name":"formate","func":"var res={}\n\nvar parmars={\n    \"requestId\": new Date().getTime(),\n    \"reported\": {}\n}\nparmars.reported.randomnum=Math.random(100)*1000\n\nparmars.reported.temperature=global.get('temperature')\n\nparmars.reported.humidity=global.get('humidity')\n\nparmars.reported.temperature_alarm=global.get('temperature_alarm')\n\nparmars.reported.humidity_alarm=global.get('humidity_alarm')\n\n\nres.payload=parmars\n\nreturn res;","outputs":1,"noerr":0,"x":780,"y":340,"wires":[["65a20d4f.e76724","c3d36c20.b83a6"]]},{"id":"c3d36c20.b83a6","type":"debug","z":"eb9cfc66.b315","name":"","active":true,"tosidebar":true,"console":false,"tostatus":false,"complete":"false","x":990,"y":280,"wires":[]},{"id":"4f0b2611.ff8238","type":"debug","z":"cc69204f.1129b","name":"","active":true,"tosidebar":true,"console":false,"tostatus":false,"complete":"false","x":390,"y":520,"wires":[]},{"id":"c207e56d.a67738","type":"debug","z":"cc69204f.1129b","name":"","active":true,"tosidebar":true,"console":false,"tostatus":false,"complete":"false","x":930,"y":220,"wires":[]},{"id":"b835ff81.33c0c","type":"change","z":"e0b82240.b53ae","name":"","rules":[{"t":"set","p":"payload","pt":"msg","to":"100","tot":"jsonata"}],"action":"","property":"","from":"","to":"","reg":false,"x":630,"y":400,"wires":[["a490710e.a86f7"]]},{"id":"a490710e.a86f7","type":"debug","z":"e0b82240.b53ae","name":"测试change","active":false,"tosidebar":true,"console":false,"tostatus":false,"complete":"true","targetType":"full","x":890,"y":400,"wires":[]},{"id":"b17d0f7c.856ed","type":"change","z":"fcc59dc.0f9396","name":"组装数据","rules":[{"t":"set","p":"payload.requestId","pt":"msg","to":"payload","tot":"msg"}],"action":"","property":"","from":"","to":"","reg":false,"x":380,"y":140,"wires":[["791b173b.086ba8"]]},{"id":"791b173b.086ba8","type":"debug","z":"fcc59dc.0f9396","name":"组装数据结果","active":true,"tosidebar":true,"console":false,"tostatus":false,"complete":"true","targetType":"full","x":680,"y":140,"wires":[]}]
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