swift

Swift 多线程

2019-08-12  本文已影响0人  曹来东

容易混淆的术语:同步 异步 串行 并发

sync和async用来控制是否要开启新的线程.队列的类型,决定了任务的执行方式(并发 串行). async只表示具有开启新线程的能力,但不一定开启新的线程.比如async传入主队列不会开启新的线程.主队列是在主线程执行.

以下代码输出结果是什么?为什么?

override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        view.backgroundColor = UIColor.blue
        
        let queue = DispatchQueue.main
        queue.sync {
            print(1)
        }
  }

viewDidLoad方法本身就是主线程的一个任务.viewDidLoad这个任务是先添加进主线程的一个任务,需要先将viewDidLoad这个任务执行完,才能执行queue.sync任务.但queue.sync是后后添加的任务,需要等上一个任务viewDidLoad执行完才能执行,所以构成死锁.

override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        view.backgroundColor = UIColor.blue
        print(1111)
        let queue = DispatchQueue.main
        queue.async {
            print(22222)
        }
        print(3333333)
    }
//打印结果
1111
3333333
22222

自定义并发队列

override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        view.backgroundColor = UIColor.blue
        //这是一个并发队列
        let serialQueue = DispatchQueue.init(label: "", qos: .default, attributes: [.concurrent], autoreleaseFrequency: .inherit, target: nil)
        print(1111,Thread.current)
        serialQueue.async {
            print(2222,Thread.current)
            serialQueue.sync {
                print(33333,Thread.current)
            }
            print(4444444444,Thread.current)
            serialQueue.sync {
                print(555555555,Thread.current)
            }
            print(666666666,Thread.current)
        }
        print(77777777,Thread.current)
    }
//打印结果
//注意:22的打印可能介于11和77之间,因为`async`函数不要求立刻执行,什么时候执行不确定.有可能22执行结束优先于777
1111 <NSThread: 0x600000d0a2c0>{number = 1, name = main}
77777777 <NSThread: 0x600000d0a2c0>{number = 1, name = main}
2222 <NSThread: 0x600000d88440>{number = 7, name = (null)}
33333 <NSThread: 0x600000d88440>{number = 7, name = (null)}
4444444444 <NSThread: 0x600000d88440>{number = 7, name = (null)}
555555555 <NSThread: 0x600000d88440>{number = 7, name = (null)}
666666666 <NSThread: 0x600000d88440>{number = 7, name = (null)}

自定义串行队列

override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        view.backgroundColor = UIColor.blue
        //这是一个并发队列
        let serialQueue = DispatchQueue(label: "自定义串行队列")
        print(11111)
        serialQueue.async {
            print(22222)
            //往串行队列中添加同步(立刻执行的任务会造成死锁)
            serialQueue.sync {
                print(3333)
            }
            print(4444)
        }
        print(5555)
    }
//打印结果
//理论上22222的打印可能介于111和555之间
11111
5555
22222
4444
3333

死锁产生条件

RunLoop和多线程相关问题

如下代码输出什么?为什么?

class HomeViewController: UIViewController {
    
    
    override func viewDidLoad() {
       super.viewDidLoad()
        let queue = DispatchQueue.global()
        queue.async {
            print(1)
            self.perform(#selector(self.test), with: nil, afterDelay: 0)
            print(2)
        }  
    }
@objc func test() {
        print("test")
    }
}
//打印,没有看到test方法执行
1
2
override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        view.backgroundColor = UIColor.blue
        let queue = DispatchQueue.global()
        queue.async {
            print(111)
            self.perform(#selector(self.test), with: nil, afterDelay: 0.0)
            print(333)
            //在子线程中添加runloop
            let port = Port()
            //perform(#selector(self.test), with: nil, afterDelay: 0.0)
            //方法已经在子线程的runloop中添加了NSTimer.所以不
            //需要再添加 port,所以这句代码可以去掉
            //runloop中只要有 source timer observer runloop就可以
            //成功运行
            RunLoop.current.add(port, forMode: .default)
            //RunLoop.current.run()
            RunLoop.current.run(mode: .default, before: Date.distantFuture)
        }
        
    }
//打印结果
111
333
2222

下面代码执行结果是什么?

override func touchesBegan(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {
        let thread = Thread.init {
            print(1)
        }
        
        thread.start()
        self.perform(#selector(self.test), on: thread, with: nil, waitUntilDone: true)
    }
    
    @objc func test() {
        print(2)
    }
override func touchesBegan(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {
        let thread = Thread.init {
            print(1)
            //在runloop中添加source timer observer
            RunLoop.current.add(Port(), forMode: .default)
            //启动runloop
            RunLoop.current.run()
        }
        
        thread.start()
        self.perform(#selector(self.test), on: thread, with: nil, waitUntilDone: true)
    }
    
    @objc func test() {
        print(2)
    }

队列组的使用

 override func touchesBegan(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {
        //创建队列组
        let group = DispatchGroup()
        //创建并发队列
        let queue = DispatchQueue.global()

        queue.async(group: group, execute: {
            for _ in 0...10{
               print(1,"任务1",Thread.current)
            }
            
        })
        queue.async(group: group, execute: {
               for _ in 0...10{
              print(2,"任务2",Thread.current)
           }
       })
        group.notify(queue: queue) {
            DispatchQueue.main.async {
                for _ in 0...10{
                  print(3,"任务3",Thread.current)
               }
                
            }
        }
    }
group.notify(queue: DispatchQueue.main) {
                for _ in 0...10{
              print(3,"任务3",Thread.current)
                }
            }
//或者
 group.notify(queue: queue) {
            DispatchQueue.main.sync {
                for _ in 0...10{
                  print(3,"任务3",Thread.current)
               }
                
            }
override func touchesBegan(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {
            //创建队列组
            let group = DispatchGroup()
            //创建并发队列
            let queue = DispatchQueue.global()

            queue.async(group: group, execute: {
                for _ in 0...5{
                   print(1,"任务1",Thread.current)
                }
                
            })
            queue.async(group: group, execute: {
                   for _ in 0...5{
                  print(2,"任务2",Thread.current)
               }
           })
            group.notify(queue: queue) {
                for _ in 0...5{
                    print(3,"任务3",Thread.current)
                }
            }
        
            group.notify(queue: queue) {
                for _ in 0...5{
                    print(4,"任务4",Thread.current)
                }
            }
        }
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