Java设计模式<组合模式>

Java设计模式<组合模式>

意图

• 对象组合成树形结构以表示"部分-整体"的层次结构。组合模式使得用户对单个对象和组合对象的使用具有一致性

场景

• 您想表示对象的部分-整体层次结构
• 希望用户忽略组合对象与单个对象的不同，用户将统一地使用组合结构中的所有对象

优点

• 高层模块调用简单
• 节点自由增加

缺点

• 在使用组合模式时，其叶子和树枝的声明都是实现类，而不是接口，违反了依赖倒置原则

样例

public class Employee {
   private String name;
   private String dept;
   private int salary;
   private List<Employee> subordinates;

   //构造函数
   public Employee(String name,String dept, int sal) {
      this.name = name;
      this.dept = dept;
      this.salary = sal;
      subordinates = new ArrayList<Employee>();
   }

   public void add(Employee e) {
      subordinates.add(e);
   }

   public void remove(Employee e) {
      subordinates.remove(e);
   }

   public List<Employee> getSubordinates(){
     return subordinates;
   }

   public String toString(){
      return ("Employee :[ Name : "+ name 
      +", dept : "+ dept + ", salary :"
      + salary+" ]");
   }   
}

public class DemoMain {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Employee CEO = new Employee("John","CEO", 30000);

        Employee headSales = new Employee("Robert","Head Sales", 20000);

        Employee headMarketing = new Employee("Michel","Head Marketing", 20000);

        Employee clerk1 = new Employee("Laura","Marketing", 10000);
        Employee clerk2 = new Employee("Bob","Marketing", 10000);

        Employee salesExecutive1 = new Employee("Richard","Sales", 10000);
        Employee salesExecutive2 = new Employee("Rob","Sales", 10000);

        CEO.add(headSales);
        CEO.add(headMarketing);

        headSales.add(salesExecutive1);
        headSales.add(salesExecutive2);

        headMarketing.add(clerk1);
        headMarketing.add(clerk2);

        //打印该组织的所有员工
        System.out.println(CEO);
        for (Employee headEmployee : CEO.getSubordinates()) {
            System.out.println(headEmployee);
            for (Employee employee : headEmployee.getSubordinates()) {
                System.out.println(employee);
            }
        }
    }
}

输出

Employee :[ Name : John, dept : CEO, salary :30000 ]
Employee :[ Name : Robert, dept : Head Sales, salary :20000 ]
Employee :[ Name : Richard, dept : Sales, salary :10000 ]
Employee :[ Name : Rob, dept : Sales, salary :10000 ]
Employee :[ Name : Michel, dept : Head Marketing, salary :20000 ]
Employee :[ Name : Laura, dept : Marketing, salary :10000 ]
Employee :[ Name : Bob, dept : Marketing, salary :10000 ]