iOSiOS专题RumeTime

Runtime实战

2016-03-17  本文已影响615人  三角君

为了学习Runtime,我们应该需要从几个方面入手:

  1. 是什么?
  2. 为什么会出现?
  3. 怎么做?
  4. 分享
  5. 能干嘛?

是什么? 为什么会出现?

C语言是静态语言,决定阶段是在编译期,而我们伟大的Apple工程师(其实Objective-C不是Apple发明的,这里姑且这么算吧)把Objective-C定义为了动态语言。那要让Objectiive-C具有动态语言的特性,就必须有一个东西承载这种特性,而这种特性就是Runtime。个人理解,如有偏颇见谅!
具体其他定义可Google搜索,会看到有很多资料,不多说了。

怎么做?

在Objective-C中一个类其实主要分几个部分:

今天我们就来研究一下这主要的几个部分。

先上一个随便写的类:

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@protocol RuntimeBaseProtocol <NSObject>

@optional
- (void)doBaseAction;

@end

@protocol RuntimeProtocol <NSObject>

@required
- (void)doRequiredAction;

@optional
- (void)doOptionalAction;

@end

@interface RuntimeObject : NSObject <RuntimeProtocol,RuntimeBaseProtocol>
{
    NSString *name;
    NSString *kind;
}
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *value;
@property (nonatomic, assign) int age;

+ (void)doClassMethod;
@end

简答解释一下,我们定义了一个叫RuntimeObject的类,类里面定义了一些东西:

接下来就是我们今天真正的主题,如何通过Runtime动态性的获取到这些东西?

其一,我们先Get下Protocol:

unsigned int count;
__unsafe_unretained Protocol **protocols = class_copyProtocolList([RuntimeObject class], &count);
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
      const char *name = protocol_getName(protocols[i]);
      printf("%s\n",name);
}

我们发现真的准确的输出了呃!看:

RuntimeProtocol
RuntimeBaseProtocol
timg.jpeg

其二,我们再来试试Get下Property:

unsigned int count;
objc_property_t *propertys = class_copyPropertyList([RuntimeObject class], &count);
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        const char *name = property_getName(propertys[i]);
        printf("%s\n",name);
}

输出如下:

value
age
hash
superclass
description
debugDescription

提示:hash、superclass、description、debugDescription是从NSObject来的

我们再一次


timg.jpeg

接下来我们Get下Ivar、Method均告完美,哈哈哈!!!

分享

其实我们往上翻翻代码不难看出,Runtime给我们提供了一组函数,这些函数的形式主要为class_copyXXXX。这组函数就是用来获取Ivar、Method、Property、Protocol的,他们分别是:

能干嘛?

如果你看到了这些,首先我先感谢你的支持!👍 但是我们还是得要讨论下能用来干嘛呢?有什么鸟用?上面所有的代码都是在我自己写的class基础之上测试的,我都已经有我写的代码,何必多此一举去获取Method、Property等等呐?

骚年,不急!我们假设哈,如果某天你的主管要求你把他手机上所有安装过的手机的Bundle ID提取出来,然后用Excel表统计给他,你怎么搞?你是不是想拿榔头砸他-去你Y的,什么JB玩意。但是骚年,我们不要忘记了,我们是coder啊!我们难道就没有办法吗?

直接上解决方法:

Class LSApplicationWorkspace_class = objc_getClass("LSApplicationWorkspace");
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wundeclared-selector"
            NSObject *workspace = [LSApplicationWorkspace_class performSelector:@selector(defaultWorkspace)];
            NSLog(@"Installed apps:%@",[workspace performSelector:@selector(allApplications)]);
#pragma clang diagnostic pop

你调试一下就知道了,这段代码可以提取到所有已经安装过的App列表,包含Bundle ID喔!它就是通过Runtime去获取workspace类,然后performSelector函数!

后记

好了,Runtime先到这吧。其实它很简单,也就是Apple提供了一堆函数给你,然后让你可以操作Ivar、Protocol、Property、Method,也就仅此而已!

附带:

Runtime_1.jpg
Class LSApplicationWorkspace_class = objc_getClass("LSApplicationWorkspace");
const char *name = class_getImageName(LSApplicationWorkspace_class);
printf("%s\n",name);

落幕

所有测试代码如下简书也不能上传附件,不上GitHub了,太简单了

        { // Ivar
            unsigned int count;
            Ivar *ivars = class_copyIvarList([RuntimeObject class], &count);
            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                Ivar ivar = ivars[i];
                const char *name = ivar_getName(ivar);
                printf("%s\n",name);
            }
        }
        printf("\n\n\n");
        { // property
            unsigned int count;
            objc_property_t *propertys = class_copyPropertyList([RuntimeObject class], &count);
            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                const char *name = property_getName(propertys[i]);
                printf("%s\n",name);
            }
        }
        printf("\n\n\n");
        { // protocol
            unsigned int count;
            __unsafe_unretained Protocol **protocols = class_copyProtocolList([RuntimeObject class], &count);
            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                const char *name = protocol_getName(protocols[i]);
                printf("%s\n",name);
            }
        }
        printf("\n\n\n");
        { // method
            unsigned int count;
            Method *methods = class_copyMethodList([RuntimeObject class], &count);
            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                SEL sel = method_getName(methods[i]);
                printf("%s\n",sel_getName(sel));
            }
        }
        printf("\n\n\n");
        { // Get dynamic framework name
            Class LSApplicationWorkspace_class = objc_getClass("LSApplicationWorkspace");
            const char *name = class_getImageName(LSApplicationWorkspace_class);
            printf("%s\n",name);
        }
        printf("\n\n\n");
        { // Installed apps
            Class LSApplicationWorkspace_class = objc_getClass("LSApplicationWorkspace");
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wundeclared-selector"
            NSObject *workspace = [LSApplicationWorkspace_class performSelector:@selector(defaultWorkspace)];
            NSLog(@"Installed apps:%@",[workspace performSelector:@selector(allApplications)]);
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
        }
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