算法(03)回溯

2020-02-09  本文已影响0人  迷心迷
八皇后问题
public class Queens {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        new Queens().placeQueens(4);
    }
    
    /**
     * 数组索引是行号,数组元素是列号
     */
    int[] cols;
    /**
     * 一共有多少种摆法
     */
    int ways;
    
    void placeQueens(int n) {
        if (n < 1) return;
        cols = new int[n];
        place(0);
        System.out.println(n + "皇后一共有" + ways + "种摆法");
    }
    
    /**
     * 从第row行开始摆放皇后
     * @param row
     */
    void place(int row) {
        if (row == cols.length) {
            ways++;
            show();
            return;
        }
        
        for (int col = 0; col < cols.length; col++) {
            if (isValid(row, col)) {
                // 在第row行第col列摆放皇后
                cols[row] = col;
                place(row + 1);
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 判断第row行第col列是否可以摆放皇后
     */
    boolean isValid(int row, int col) {
        for (int i = 0; i < row; i++) {
            // 第col列已经有皇后
            if (cols[i] == col) {
                System.out.println("[" + row + "][" + col + "]=false");
                return false;
            }
            // 第i行的皇后跟第row行第col列格子处在同一斜线上
            if (row - i == Math.abs(col - cols[i])) {
                System.out.println("[" + row + "][" + col + "]=false");
                return false;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("[" + row + "][" + col + "]=true");
        return true;
    }
    
    void show() {
        for (int row = 0; row < cols.length; row++) {
            for (int col = 0; col < cols.length; col++) {
                if (cols[row] == col) {
                    System.out.print("1 ");
                } else {
                    System.out.print("0 ");
                }
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
        System.out.println("------------------------------");
    }
}

public class Queens2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        new Queens2().placeQueens(4);
    }
    
    /**
     * 数组索引是行号,数组元素是列号
     */
    int[] queens;
    /**
     * 标记着某一列是否有皇后
     */
    boolean[] cols;
    /**
     * 标记着某一斜线上是否有皇后(左上角 -> 右下角)
     */
    boolean[] leftTop;
    /**
     * 标记着某一斜线上是否有皇后(右上角 -> 左下角)
     */
    boolean[] rightTop;
    /**
     * 一共有多少种摆法
     */
    int ways;
    
    void placeQueens(int n) {
        if (n < 1) return;
        queens = new int[n];
        cols = new boolean[n];
        leftTop = new boolean[(n << 1) - 1];
        rightTop = new boolean[leftTop.length];
        place(0);
        System.out.println(n + "皇后一共有" + ways + "种摆法");
    }
    
    /**
     * 从第row行开始摆放皇后
     * @param row
     */
    void place(int row) {
        if (row == cols.length) {
            ways++;
            show();
            return;
        }
        
        for (int col = 0; col < cols.length; col++) {
            if (cols[col]) continue;
            int ltIndex = row - col + cols.length - 1;
            if (leftTop[ltIndex]) continue;
            int rtIndex = row +col;
            if (rightTop[rtIndex]) continue;
            
            queens[row] = col;
            cols[col] = true;
            leftTop[ltIndex] = true;
            rightTop[rtIndex] = true;
            place(row + 1);
            cols[col] = false;
            leftTop[ltIndex] = false;
            rightTop[rtIndex] = false;
        }
    }
    
    void show() {
        for (int row = 0; row < cols.length; row++) {
            for (int col = 0; col < cols.length; col++) {
                if (queens[row] == col) {
                    System.out.print("1 ");
                } else {
                    System.out.print("0 ");
                }
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
        System.out.println("------------------------------");
    }
}

public class Queens3 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 01111101 n
        //&11111011  ~00000100
        // 01111001
        
        
        //&00100000 v
//      int n = 125;
//      for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
//          int result = n & (1 << i);
//          System.out.println(i + "_" + (result != 0));
//      }
//      int col = 7;
//      int result = n & (1 << col);
//      System.out.println(result != 0);
        
//      System.out.println(Integer.toBinaryString(n));
        
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        new Queens3().place8Queens();
    }
    
    /**
     * 数组索引是行号,数组元素是列号
     */
    int[] queens;
    /**
     * 标记着某一列是否有皇后
     */
    byte cols;
    /**
     * 标记着某一斜线上是否有皇后(左上角 -> 右下角)
     */
    short leftTop;
    /**
     * 标记着某一斜线上是否有皇后(右上角 -> 左下角)
     */
    short rightTop;
    /**
     * 一共有多少种摆法
     */
    int ways;
    
    void place8Queens() {
        queens = new int[8];
        place(0);
        System.out.println("8皇后一共有" + ways + "种摆法");
    }
    
    /**
     * 从第row行开始摆放皇后
     * @param row
     */
    void place(int row) {
        if (row == 8) {
            ways++;
            show();
            return;
        }
        
        for (int col = 0; col < 8; col++) {
            int cv = 1 << col;
            if ((cols & cv) != 0) continue;
            
            int lv = 1 << (row - col + 7);
            if ((leftTop & lv) != 0) continue;
            
            int rv = 1 << (row + col);
            if ((rightTop & rv) != 0) continue;
            
            queens[row] = col;
            cols |= cv;
            leftTop |= lv;
            rightTop |= rv;
            place(row + 1);
            cols &= ~cv;
            leftTop &= ~lv;
            rightTop &= ~rv;
        }
    }
    
    void show() {
        for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++) {
            for (int col = 0; col < 8; col++) {
                if (queens[row] == col) {
                    System.out.print("1 ");
                } else {
                    System.out.print("0 ");
                }
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
        System.out.println("------------------------------");
    }
}

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