你必须掌握的Activity启动过程
前言：众所周知，Activity是四大组件之首，网上关于Activity的博客也有很多，相信大家对于他的生命周期和启动模式有了相应的了解。本文就不再对这些进行讲述了，我要从源码的角度对一个Activity的启动过程进行分析。
我们知道，当startActivity被调用的时候，可以启动一个Activity，但是你知道这个Activity是如何被启动的吗？你知道这个Activity是啥时候被创建的吗？为什么onCreate是Activity的执行入口呢？所有的这一切都被系统封装好了，对我们来说是透明的，我们使用的时候仅仅是传递一个intent然后startActivity就可以达到目的了，不用担心，阅读了本文以后，你将会了解它的背后到底做了哪些事情。在分析之前，我先介绍几个类：
Activity：startActivity方法的真正实现在Activity中
Instrumentation：用来辅助Activity完成启动Activity的过程
ActivityThread（包含ApplicationThread + ApplicationThreadNative + IApplicationThread）：真正启动Activity的实现都在这里
开始源码分析：Activity#startActivity()
public void startActivity(Intent intent) {
this.startActivity(intent, null);
}
public void startActivity(Intent intent, @Nullable Bundle options) {
if (options != null) {
startActivityForResult(intent, -1, options);
} else {
// Note we want to go through this call for compatibility with
// applications that may have overridden the method.
startActivityForResult(intent, -1);
}
}
public void startActivityForResult(Intent intent, int requestCode) {
startActivityForResult(intent, requestCode, null);
}
从上面的代码中我们发现：调用startActivty实际上最后还是调用了startActivityForResult 方法。那么，我们沿着这个方法继续深入探讨：
Activity#startActivityForResult
public void startActivityForResult(Intent intent, int requestCode, @Nullable Bundle options) {
if (mParent == null) {
//真正执行启动activity的代码逻辑
Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
intent, requestCode, options);
//启动activity返回的结果处理
if (ar != null) {
mMainThread.sendActivityResult(
mToken, mEmbeddedID, requestCode, ar.getResultCode(),
ar.getResultData());
}
if (requestCode >= 0) {
mStartedActivity = true;
}
cancelInputsAndStartExitTransition(options);
// TODO Consider clearing/flushing other event sources and events for child windows.
} else {
if (options != null) {
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode, options);
} else {
// Note we want to go through this method for compatibility with
// existing applications that may have overridden it.
mParent.startActivityFromChild(this, intent, requestCode);
}
}
}
从上面代码我们发现，实际上调用的启动activity方法的还是Instrumentation类。也就是我们第二个要研究的重点类。
Instrumentation#execStartActivity
public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target,
Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {
//这个whoThread执行了启动activity
IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread;
Uri referrer = target != null ? target.onProvideReferrer() : null;
if (referrer != null) {
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_REFERRER, referrer);
}
if (mActivityMonitors != null) {
synchronized (mSync) {
final int N = mActivityMonitors.size();
//遍历一遍，查询是否存在这个activity，activity类存放在intent中。
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
final ActivityMonitor am = mActivityMonitors.get(i);
if (am.match(who, null, intent)) {
am.mHits++;
if (am.isBlocking()) {
return requestCode >= 0 ? am.getResult() : null;
}
break;
}
}
}
}
try {
intent.migrateExtraStreamToClipData();
intent.prepareToLeaveProcess();
//这里通过ActivityManager启动了activity
int result = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
.startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
requestCode, 0, null, options);
//检查启动activity返回的结果
checkStartActivityResult(result, intent);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
}
return null;
}
从上面，相关代码我都加上了注释。有两点：
1：真正执行activity的启动过程的是ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().startActivity。
2：执行启动activity之后，有一个代码检查结果。
我们先看看第2个方法：
Instrumentation#checkStartActivityResult
public static void checkStartActivityResult(int res, Object intent) {
if (res >= ActivityManager.START_SUCCESS) {
return;
}
switch (res) {
case ActivityManager.START_INTENT_NOT_RESOLVED:
case ActivityManager.START_CLASS_NOT_FOUND:
if (intent instanceof Intent && ((Intent) intent).getComponent() != null)
throw new ActivityNotFoundException(
"Unable to find explicit activity class "
+ ((Intent) intent).getComponent().toShortString()
+ "; have you declared this activity in your AndroidManifest.xml?");
throw new ActivityNotFoundException(
"No Activity found to handle " + intent);
case ActivityManager.START_PERMISSION_DENIED:
throw new SecurityException("Not allowed to start activity "
+ intent);
case ActivityManager.START_FORWARD_AND_REQUEST_CONFLICT:
throw new AndroidRuntimeException(
"FORWARD_RESULT_FLAG used while also requesting a result");
case ActivityManager.START_NOT_ACTIVITY:
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"PendingIntent is not an activity");
case ActivityManager.START_NOT_VOICE_COMPATIBLE:
throw new SecurityException(
"Starting under voice control not allowed for: " + intent);
case ActivityManager.START_NOT_CURRENT_USER_ACTIVITY:
// Fail silently for this case so we don't break current apps.
// TODO(b/22929608): Instead of failing silently or throwing an exception,
// we should properly position the activity in the stack (i.e. behind all current
// user activity/task) and not change the positioning of stacks.
Log.e(TAG,
"Not allowed to start background user activity that shouldn't be displayed"
+ " for all users. Failing silently...");
break;
default:
throw new AndroidRuntimeException("Unknown error code "
+ res + " when starting " + intent);
}
}
有没有一些熟悉的异常信息呢？比如：如果我们没有在xml配置文件中注册activity，那么启动activity的时候是不是会报Unable to find explicit activity class......。
那么，我们回到第1个问题，真正执行的启动代码在
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().startActivity()中:
我们发现：ActivityManagerNative是抽象类，getDefault() 方法返回的是IActivityManager，也仅仅是一个接口而已；那么实际上我们跟踪代码会发现startActivity()也仅仅是IActivityManager的一个方法而已，那么我们是不是到这里就束手无策了呢？
答案当然是否定的。
1：我们找到IApplicationThread的接口截图：
IApplicationThread.png
我们可以发现很多类似activity生命周期的方法，onCreate，onStart，onResume等等。是不是明白了什么呢？是的，activity的生命周期实际上是在调用这些方法，但是这只是一个接口，我们需要继续找到他的实现类。别急，下面会讲到；
2：我们需要找到IActivityManager的实现类。
那么，我们来看看IActivityManager#startActivity()方法：ActivityManagerNative抽象类，这个抽象类使用了代理
class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager；
//这个代理类实现了IActivityManager的startActivity方法，我们看看：
public int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage, Intent intent,
String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode,
int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle options) throws RemoteException {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null);
data.writeString(callingPackage);
intent.writeToParcel(data, 0);
data.writeString(resolvedType);
data.writeStrongBinder(resultTo);
data.writeString(resultWho);
data.writeInt(requestCode);
data.writeInt(startFlags);
if (profilerInfo != null) {
data.writeInt(1);
profilerInfo.writeToParcel(data, Parcelable.PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE);
} else {
data.writeInt(0);
}
if (options != null) {
data.writeInt(1);
options.writeToParcel(data, 0);
} else {
data.writeInt(0);
}
//上面都是一些数据的填写，这里是智行事务的逻辑代码
mRemote.transact(START_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
reply.readException();
int result = reply.readInt();
reply.recycle();
data.recycle();
return result;
}
private IBinder mRemote;
我们从代码发现了mRemote是一个IBinder，调用了IBinder的transact()方法，真是IBinder无处不在啊。这说明了启动Activity实际上也是进行了进程间的通信。是不是又明白了什么？比如A应用要启动B应用的某个Activity，怎么做？进程间通信帮你解决。伟大的IBinder，如果你们需要的话，后期我会出一个IBinder机制讲解，可以通过源码分析，因为我个人认为，结合源码分析会更加有说服力并使得自己记忆更加牢固。（有这样需求的请留言让我看到哦...）
那么mRemote的初始化问题大家应该都清楚吧，上面我们调用了ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()，代码我就不贴出来了，使用了单利模式，大家可以进去看看。
我们从上面知道了IApplicationThread执行了启动activity，那么谁实现了该接口呢？当然是ApplicationThread，这个类是ActivityThread的内部类。里面很多的方法都对应了相关的activity生命周期方法，我们仅仅来看看scheduleLaunchActivity：
public final void scheduleLaunchActivity(Intent intent, IBinder token, int ident,
ActivityInfo info, Configuration curConfig, Configuration overrideConfig,
CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, String referrer, IVoiceInteractor voiceInteractor,
int procState, Bundle state, PersistableBundle persistentState,
List<ResultInfo> pendingResults, List<ReferrerIntent> pendingNewIntents,
boolean notResumed, boolean isForward, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo) {
updateProcessState(procState, false);
ActivityClientRecord r = new ActivityClientRecord();
r.token = token;
r.ident = ident;
r.intent = intent;
r.referrer = referrer;
r.voiceInteractor = voiceInteractor;
r.activityInfo = info;
r.compatInfo = compatInfo;
r.state = state;
r.persistentState = persistentState;
r.pendingResults = pendingResults;
r.pendingIntents = pendingNewIntents;
r.startsNotResumed = notResumed;
r.isForward = isForward;
r.profilerInfo = profilerInfo;
r.overrideConfig = overrideConfig;
updatePendingConfiguration(curConfig);
sendMessage(H.LAUNCH_ACTIVITY, r);
}
我们看到最后的sendMessage，往下走我们找到H类的处理消息方法
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
switch (msg.what) {
case LAUNCH_ACTIVITY: {
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "activityStart");
final ActivityClientRecord r = (ActivityClientRecord) msg.obj;
r.packageInfo = getPackageInfoNoCheck(
r.activityInfo.applicationInfo, r.compatInfo);
handleLaunchActivity(r, null);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
} break; ....
代码没有全部贴出，仅仅是看看LAUNCH_ACTIVITY 的处理即可。我们可以看到handleLaunchActivity(),沿着这个方法继续往下寻找，最后发现performLaunchActivity
private Activity performLaunchActivity(ActivityClientRecord r, Intent customIntent) {
ActivityInfo aInfo = r.activityInfo;
ComponentName component = r.intent.getComponent();
Activity activity = null;
try {
java.lang.ClassLoader cl = r.packageInfo.getClassLoader();
activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(
cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
StrictMode.incrementExpectedActivityCount(activity.getClass());
r.intent.setExtrasClassLoader(cl);
r.intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
if (r.state != null) {
r.state.setClassLoader(cl);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
if (!mInstrumentation.onException(activity, e)) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Unable to instantiate activity " + component
+ ": " + e.toString(), e);
}
}
......
return activity;
}
最后的逻辑都在这里，通过我们的intent数据，结合classLoader找到了相关的类并且加载进来了。详细的逻辑在这里就不讲太多了。
其实我们了解看源代码并不需要了解各种细节，只是需要了解他的框架即可。如果你深入了解了细节，恐怕会发生钻牛角尖的情况。这样对于整体的把握可能会不好。当然，如果你是做ROM开发或者个人已经掌握了Android源码框架，深入研究未尝不可。
