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[雪峰磁针石博客] multi-mechanize性能测试工具

2018-07-18  本文已影响122人  oychw

Multi-Mechanize简介

Multi-Mechanize 是一个开源的性能和负载测试框架,它并发运行多个 Python 脚本对网站或者服务生成负载(组合事务)。测试输出报告保存为HTML或JMeter的兼容的XML。Multi-Mechanize最常用于web性能 和可扩展性(scalability)测试,也适用于任何python可以访问的API。尤其适合后台性能测试。稍微懂点编程的话,这个工具会远强过商业 的性能测试工具。

主要特性:

图片.png

安装

使 用标准的python安装方式。注意,需要安装matplotlib以支持作图,在centos6下面可以这样安装yum -y install python27-matplotlib。multi-mechanize采用标准的python安装方式pip install multi-mechanize或者easy_install multi-mechanize这里都以linux(centos)为例。

快速入门

创建项目

# multimech-newproject my_project

执行项目


  # multimech-run my_project
    user_groups:  2
    threads: 6
  [================100%==================]  30s/30s   transactions: 119  timers: 119  errors: 0
  waiting for all requests to finish...
  analyzing results...
  transactions: 125
  errors: 0
  test start: 2013-09-13 11:47:47
  test finish: 2013-09-13 11:48:16
  created: ./my_project/results/results_2013.09.13_11.47.46/results.html
  done.

如果有出现figure没有定义,请在相关文件的头部从matplotlib导入。

测试结果参见:

image.png 图片.png 图片.png

目录结构

每个测试项目包含以下内容:

multimech-newproject,默认生成一个随机数的脚本。脚本v_user.py如下:

  import randomimport timeclass Transaction(object):
      def __init__(self):
          pass
      def run(self):
          r = random.uniform(1, 2)
          time.sleep(r)
          self.custom_timers['Example_Timer'] = rif __name__ == '__main__':
      trans = Transaction()
      trans.run()
      print trans.custom_timers

配置参数的含义如下:

更多介绍参见: http://testutils.org/multi-mechanize/configfile.html

脚本书写

用Python书写,测试脚本模拟虚拟用户对网站/服务/ API的请求,脚本定义了用户事务,更多内容参见脚本手册:http://testutils.org/multi-mechanize/scripts.html#scripts-label

每个脚本必须实现一个Transaction()类。这个类必须实现一个run()方法。基本的测试脚本结构如下:

  class Transaction(object):
      def run(self):
          # do something here
          return

运行期间,Transaction()实例化一次,run()方法则反复调用:

  class Transaction(object):
      def __init__(self):
          # do per-user user setup here
          # this gets called once on user creation
          return
      def run(self):
          # do user actions here
          # this gets called repeatedly
          return

从结构上看,如果每次run如果需要setup和teardown,时间也会计算在run里面,会显得事务处理的时间更长。这个就需要使用定时器来精确计时。

另外脚本建议先调试之后在运行,因为Multi-Mechanize有可能报错不够精准。可以这样运行:# python v_suds.py。v_suds.py是你实际使用的脚本名。另外suds这个库好像实现时性能一般,并发200时,客户端cpu占用率经常会100%,为此web service如果要上大量用户的话,建议用其他库替代,比如soapPy。进一步提升效率可以试用python的ctypes模块,或者cython(性能接近c语言)。不过Multi-Mechanize的多进程是基于python的,实在对性能有相当高的要求,就只能全部用c书写了。

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下例使用mechanize进行web测试。

 class Transaction(object):
      def __init__(self):
          pass
      def run(self):
          br = mechanize.Browser()
          br.set_handle_robots(False)
          resp = br.open('http://192.168.4.13/env.htm')
          assert (resp.code == 200), 'Bad Response: HTTP %s' % resp.codes        
          assert ('service name' in resp.get_data())

下面用httplib库重写脚本,并增加定时器。通过定时器,可以分析各个步骤的耗时。

import httplib
import time

class Transaction(object):
    def run(self):
        conn = httplib.HTTPConnection('192.168.4.13')
        start = time.time()
        conn.request('GET', '/env.htm')
        request_time = time.time()
        resp = conn.getresponse()
        response_time = time.time()
        conn.close()
        transfer_time = time.time()
        self.custom_timers['request sent'] = request_time - start                          
        self.custom_timers['response received'] = response_time - start        
        self.custom_timers['content transferred'] = transfer_time - start        
        assert (resp.status == 200), 'Bad Response: HTTP %s' % resp.status
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
    trans = Transaction()
    trans.run()
    for timer in ('request sent', 'response received', 'content transferred'):
        print '%s: %.5f secs' % (timer, trans.custom_timers[timer])

http://testutils.org/multi-mechanize/scripts.html#scripts-label 还有更多的实例。


import mechanize
import time


class Transaction(object):

    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def run(self):
        # create a Browser instance
        br = mechanize.Browser()
        # don't bother with robots.txt
        br.set_handle_robots(False)
        # add a custom header so wikipedia allows our requests
        br.addheaders = [('User-agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 Compatible')]

        # start the timer
        start_timer = time.time()
        # submit the request
        resp = br.open('http://www.wikipedia.org/')
        resp.read()
        # stop the timer
        latency = time.time() - start_timer

        # store the custom timer
        self.custom_timers['Load_Front_Page'] = latency

        # verify responses are valid
        assert (resp.code == 200), 'Bad Response: HTTP %s' % resp.code
        assert ('Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia' in resp.get_data())

        # think-time
        time.sleep(2)

        # select first (zero-based) form on page
        br.select_form(nr=0)
        # set form field
        br.form['search'] = 'foo'

        # start the timer
        start_timer = time.time()
        # submit the form
        resp = br.submit()
        resp.read()
        # stop the timer
        latency = time.time() - start_timer

        # store the custom timer
        self.custom_timers['Search'] = latency

        # verify responses are valid
        assert (resp.code == 200), 'Bad Response: HTTP %s' % resp.code
        assert ('foobar' in resp.get_data()), 'Text Assertion Failed'

        # think-time
        time.sleep(2)
import urllib2
import time

class Transaction(object):
    def run(self):
        start_timer = time.time()
        resp = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.example.com/')
        content = resp.read()
        latency = time.time() - start_timer

        self.custom_timers['Example_Homepage'] = latency

        assert (resp.code == 200), 'Bad Response: HTTP %s' % resp.code
        assert ('Example Web Page' in content), 'Text Assertion Failed'

import urllib2
import time

class Transaction(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.custom_timers = {}
        with open('soap.xml') as f:
            self.soap_body = f.read()

    def run(self):
        req = urllib2.Request(url='http://www.foo.com/service', data=self.soap_body)
        req.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/soap+xml')
        req.add_header('SOAPAction', 'http://www.foo.com/action')

        start_timer = time.time()
        resp = urllib2.urlopen(req)
        content = resp.read()
        latency = time.time() - start_timer

        self.custom_timers['Example_SOAP_Msg'] = latency

        assert (resp.code == 200), 'Bad Response: HTTP %s' % resp.code
        assert ('Example SOAP Response' in content), 'Text Assertion Failed'

参考资料:

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