【青岛】中考听说考试题型分析
这期我们把青岛听说考试五大题型进行具体的分析，整体来看青岛的听说考试还是有一些难度的。不过整个题目的分布上来看，青岛现在的听说考试还是偏听力的考查，笔者猜想这也是老师们希望给学生一个过渡的时间吧。希望通过这次的题型分析，让大家获得一些答题思路。
（有点长 不过这货已经不能再干了...）
交际问答
交际问答的考查目的，是能够在一定的语言场景下对对方说出的话进行合适的反馈。平均难度较低。题目的形式是给出选项，学生需要听题干内容，从ABC选项中找到合适的答句，并朗读出来。一般为交际用语或者疑问句的回答。
答题要领：
1.直接听录音。此题录音只读一遍，因此需要专注听取录音内容，再进行选择。笔者测试发现几乎没有时间去看完选项，着急看题干的话，反而会错过核心信息。
2.注意开头和时态。疑问句的开头大多数情况可以判断出答案。少见有些题目的选项会以时态变化来做混淆项，需要稍作注意。
3.直接念选项的答案就好！笔者先前听青岛地方学生的反馈，说有的同学会回答类似的答案而不念选项。先前很不理解，后来发现这些学生是因为不认识正确答案里的单词，无法读出。这样的行为其实非常容易丢分。因此笔者建议同学们平时还是加强单词的积累，熟记熟读基础词汇。
常见问题：
1.没有听清音频。可能出现干扰的疑问词有why/what; how/how often 等等。
2.日常用语积累不足，无法选择最佳的回应。
题目举例：
交际问答。根据所听到的句子，说出相应的答语。（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）
1.
A. In the school swimming pool.
B. I often get there by bike.
C. I do it twice a week.
听力音频：How often do you go swimming?
答案：C
解析：此题需要直接听出How often 即可选出正确答案。
朗读短文
青岛的朗读短文篇幅稍长，字数大概为150～170。
朗读短文考查学生能够用标准的发音，运用准确的语音语调，完整、流畅地朗读文章的能力。由此可见，朗读短文的评分指标为：内容的完整度、发音的标准度、语音语调的准确度、朗读的流畅度。字数大约100～120词。
答题要领：
第一，准备时间内把文章完整读一遍，记下停顿的或者发音拿不准的单词，然后再重点读几遍他们。不认识的单词，可以试着进行拼读。
第二，不要过度关注时间，一般情况下都会读完。不要读得过快，以免造成发音不清。
第三，在考试如果没有十足把握，建议不要使用连读或者弱读技巧。大多数同学可能无法熟练地该技巧。在日常的训练中，可以尝试练习。正式考试中，可以按照“虚词稍微轻读，实词正常读”的规律进行朗读即可，不要过度追求连读、弱读技巧。
第四，注意气息平稳，不要读的很费力，否则会把气促声录入进去。
常见问题：
读错单词。这样的情况不建议重新再进行纠正，重新纠正会影响整体流利度打分。
漏读句子。笔者通过一些模拟软件进行测试，发现漏读句子再补读后，仍然分数不高。但真实考试的情况下，如果发生漏读，还是建议将句子补读。
朗读短文这个题型大家都知晓，这里就不再赘述举例了。
话题表达
话题表达要求学生能够就某个贴近生活的话题进行评论，重在考查学生的思辨力和表达力，强调语言的应用。
答题要领：
1.青岛的话题表达题型有这样两个特点：第一，半开放性。一般均为yes/no这样的选择类型。第二，话题贴近生活，意见的表达没有对错。
青岛的话题表达题型结构最常见为：Do you think….? why or why not?
从以上特点和结构我们可看出，在平时练习中，可以多试着回答yes/no 这类的观点问题，且这个观点是没有绝对的对错之分。比如“你觉得学生应该该穿校服上学吗？”，这类问题没有绝对的答案，因此在作答时，不必想观点是否错误，而是需要选定一种观点，并陈述理由即可。
2.基本的答题结构：开头-分-结尾
例：
开头句：Yes, I do./ No, I don’t. There are several reasons.
结构中的There are several reasons. 可以被替换为：
***has many advantages/ disadvantages.
**** is better for me.
观点句： First,…(先总的说原因。然后再进行具体陈述1～2句话。)Second,…/ Third,…
结构中的First, Second, Third... 可以被替换为：
Firstly…, Secondly..., Thirdly…
On one hand,... On the other hand...
总结句：In a word, …
结构中的In a word 可以被替换为：
To sum up,...
All in all,...
常见问题：
1.无话可说。其实此题说的内容不需要太多，一般只需要表明观点，然后有2～3个原因，最后再次总结自己的观点。在做准备时候，需要选定观点并选取2～3个原因，对原因具体的阐述可以用简单的例子来说明，这样显得观点更加有信服力，也不会显得无话可说。
2.逻辑不连贯。这也是准备不足造成的，需要在平时多加练习，在规定的准备时间内，在心里打好草稿。
3.语法错误过多。这是口语类答题的通病，需要学生在平时多读多说，养成较好的语感。
题目举例：
话题表达。根据所提问题和提示要求用英语进行表达。你有120秒的准备时间，当听到提示音或看到屏幕下方“录音中”的提示时，开始作答。（共5分）
Do you like shopping online?
Why or why not? (Give at least two reasons.)
参考答案1:
Yes, I do. Shopping online has many advantages. First, we can save some money by shopping online. The products online are usually much cheaper than those in physical stores. Second, it is more convenient for us to buy things online. We needn’t go to the crowded stores and wait in line if we want to buy something. We can just look for it on the shopping website and pay for it online. It will be sent to us in several days. In a word, shopping online is a good choice for me.
参考答案2:
No, I don’t. Shopping in physical stores is better for me. First, I can try on the clothes before I decide to buy them. In that case, I can choose the one which fits me best. Many people buy clothes online. However, when the clothes arrive, they probably find the clothes are not fit at all. Second, we may be cheated when shopping online. We usually pay for the product first and a few days later, we get it. However, if we meet some bad people, we will probably not get the product even though we have paid for it. All in all, I don’t like shopping online.
解析：
以正确答案为例我们来看看答案的结构。首先答案进行了观点的选择，明确表明支持shopping online. 其次开始陈述自己的原因。答案陈述了两个原因。第一个原因 save some money，并陈述了自己的看法The products online are usually much cheaper than those in physical stores. 第二个原因more convenient，并进一步进行了说明 needn’t go to the crowded stores…,..just look for it on the shopping website and pay for it online.最后进行总结，结论是应用了短语in a word.
对话理解
对话理解部分一共5个小题。听对话选择图片2题和听对话选择文字3题。
答题要领：
青岛的对话理解均为短对话配1小题，音频读两遍。此题注意没有题干文字，题干的问题是音频形式的，因此需要认真听取问题到底问什么。一般话轮不超过2组。
常见问题：
1.答非所问。因为题干为音频形式，有的学生没有认真听取，导致选择了混淆项。比如题干询问what does the man mean? 而学生听成了what does the woman mean？就会导致错误。
2.
题目举例：
对话理解。对话和问题读两遍。你将有10秒钟的时间完成有关小题和阅读下一小题。（共5小题 每小题1分 共5分）
1.
音频：
W: There’re only some apples in the fridge. would you like to buy something else with me?
M: Well, I would like kiwifruit.
Q: What does the man want?
答案：C
解析：
此题选C. 由I would like kiwifruit. 可知。本题混淆项为A，虽然文中提到了apple，但与提问不符。
短文理解（此题高亮 请注意）
青岛的短文理解是考试中较难的题目，考题分为Part A 和Part B。 Part A为短文排序题，共有5个小题，需要按照听到的顺序将5个句子进行重排。
Part B为选择题。共5小题。
答题要领：
Part A:
注意开头！注意开头！很多学生只画了关键词，而忽视开头，导致这个句子已经出现了都不知道。笔者建议一定也要看好开头。考试期间注意力是有限的，因此要把注意力放在重点关注的句子上，而开头内容相同，就提示我们，考查内容即将出现，需要认真听取。
1.利用准备时间勾画关键词。PartA：在勾画关键词时，特意要勾画与其他句子有明显区别的单词或者短语，比如时间、地点、动作等等。这也是出题人关注的出题点。PartB：勾画题干和选项中的关键词，比对选项之间的区别。
2.PartA可采取排除法策略。PartA的特点是每个选项只会被选择一次，因此第一遍听时，要尽量先确认一部分题的答案，排除有把握的选项。第二次听时重点听遗漏的部分。
常见问题：
1.忽视关键词导致排序错误。做排序题时，要注意关键的时间、地点、人物等名词，确认匹配。
2.误选与原文内容高度相似的。一般在设题时，会出现一些与原文高度相似的干扰项，但会有细微的差别。这些干扰项的特点，是基本不换原文的用词，但偷换了时间、地点、程度、人物等等概念，非常不容易被察觉。在此提醒大家，越是看起来一摸一样的，越需要小心进行甄别。
题目举例：
Part A:
A. David saw a homeless old man.
B. David was pleased when he heard the old man’s words.
C. The old man finished the meal quickly.
D. David wanted to pay for the meal.
E. David thought he had grown up to be a man.
答案：
EACBD
Part B:
1. Who was David?
A. He was a thirteen-year-old boy.
B. He was a fourteen-year-old boy.
C. He was a fifteen-year-old boy.
2. What did David's parents ask him to do one morning?
A. To watch TV.
B. To buy some milk.
C. To do some homework.
3. How was the old man?
A. He looked nervous.
B. He looked happy.
C. He looked ill.
4. What food didn’t the waiter bring out?
A. Bread.
B. Coffee.
C. Beef.
5. What can we know from the story?
A. David was ready to help others.
B. David paid for the food.
C. The old man was a rich man.
答案：BBCCA
原文：
David, a fourteen-year-old boy, thought he had grown up to be a man. But his parents told him: " you won’tbe a real man until you begin to think about helping others." One morning, his parents gave him some money to buy some milk for them. Outside, a shock, he saw a homeless old man who looked very sick. David went to him and asked, "What's the matter with you?" The old man answered, "I am hungry. I haven't had any food for 2 days." At the thought of his parents' words, David said to the old man, "Let's go to the restaurant." When they got there, David asked the waiter to bring out bread and coffee to the old man. The old man finished the meal quickly. After the waiter took away the plate and the cup, the old man said, "Sorry for giving you so much trouble. I'm fine now. I'll never forget your kindness. You're a very good young man." David was pleased when he heard this. Just when he wanted to pay for the meal, the waiter came. He told David and the old man that the food was free because it was the birthday of the boss and they were the first customers that day.
解析：
从PartA的选项可以看出，出现的句子不一定是原句，会有一些人称的变化，以及会删减一些句子的成分。比如David thought he had grown up to be a man.这句话就去掉了原句中a fourteen-year-old boy这个成分。
PartB，1～4小题均为细节题，5小题为推断题。
第1小题，原文中提到David, a fourteen-year-old boy, thought he had grown up to be a man.可知答案为B.
第2小题，原文中提到his parents gave him some money to buy some milk for them.可知答案为B.
第3小题，原文中提到he saw a homeless old man who looked very sick. 这里的sick与选项中的ill同义，因此答案为C.
第4小题，原文中提到David asked the waiter to bring out bread and coffee to the old man.可知服务生拿来了bread和coffee，而题干问的是服务生没有拿来什么，通过排除，得出答案为C.
第5小题，我们可以通过排除法来查看。选项B说David为食物付了钱。但原文提到 the food was free because it was the birthday of the boss，可知说法错误；选项C说老人很富有，但原文没有提到这一点。因此也可被排除。答案A意思为David愿意帮助他人，符合本文的描述，因此答案为A.
本期的分享就到这里啦。码字确实不易哈哈，希望对在看的同学们有帮助～也欢迎教学教研老师们多加指正～感谢！
