in vivo, in vitro, in situ, ex s

多种术语头大，记录解释如下

• in vivo

within the living，活体中的生物体内实验
In vivo (Latin for "within the living") is experimentation using a whole, living organism as opposed to a partial or dead organism, or an in vitro ("within the glass", i.e., in a test tube or petri dish) controlled environment.

• ex vivo

out of the living，活体外的实验
Ex vivo (Latin: "out of the living") means that which takes place outside an organism.

• in vitro

within the glass，玻璃中的实验
In vitro (Latin: in glass) studies in experimental biology are those that are conducted using components of an organism that have been isolated from their usual biological surroundings in order to permit a more detailed or more convenient analysis than can be done with whole organisms. Colloquially, these experiments are commonly called "test tube experiments".

• in situ

原位
In situ (/ɪn ˈsɪtjuː, - ˈsaɪtjuː, - ˈsiː-/; often not italicized in English)^[1][2][3] is a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site"^[4] or "in position."^[5] It can mean "locally", "on site", "on the premises", or "in place" to describe where an event takes place and is used in many different contexts.
原位培养是相对于室内培养的意思来的，也不完全是说自然条件下，比如养藻，出海在船上用站位的海水来培养，温度光线等一些参数也模拟的差不多，不是完全自然条件下

• ex situ

非原位
比如养藻的话就分batch culture还有semi-continuous culture，chemostat等等
Ex situ conservation literally means, "off-site conservation". It is the process of protecting an endangered species, variety or breed, of plant or animal outside its natural habitat

Ex situ conservation 详细词条可见wiki

• operando

制备

注：感谢飞机贡献