怎样缩句和消除冗余
1 减少冗余词
一些能去掉的冗余词
1）It was small [in size], round [in shape], yellow [in color] and heavy [in weight].（一般去掉的词比剩下的词更为通用）
2）This will be done in [the month of] December for [a period of] six days.
3）Our research [activity] initially focused [attention] on [the process of] designing the architecture.
4）The [task of] analysis is not [a] straightforward [operation] and there is a [serious] danger that …
5）The analyses [performed in this context] highlighted [among other things] the [fundamental and critical] importance of using the correct methodology in a consistent [and coherent] manner [of conduction].
If you find that your paper is full of the words listed below, first decide if you could cut them, if not try to find a more concise and concrete alternative.
activity, case, character, characteristics, circumstances, condition, consideration, criteria, eventuality, facilities, factor, instance, intervention, nature, operation, phase, phenomenon, problem, procedure, process, purpose, realization, remark, situation, step, task, tendency
使用副词或形容词的时候，思考是否有必要。不要用表示相同含义的形容词或者名词。时刻考虑这些词是否帮助读者理解。
1）This has made it possible to review the analysis of important [fundamental and practical] problems [and phenomena] of engineering.
2）Numerical methods have increasingly become quick [and expedient] means of treating such problems.
3）Equation 1 is [readily] amenable to numerical treatment.
4）The method lends itself [most amiably] to being solved by …
2 用动词比用名词好
X was used in the calculation of Y. ----X was used to calculate Y.
Symbols will be defined in the text at their first occurrence.-----Symbols will be defined when they first occur in the text.
Lipid identification in paint samples is based on the evaluation of characteristic ratio values of fatty acid amounts and comparison with reference samples.
Lipids are generally identified in paint samples by evaluating the characteristic ratio values of fatty acid amounts and comparing them with reference samples.
3. 用一个动词 (e.g. analyze) 代替动词+名词 (e.g. make an analysis)
X showed a better performance than Y. ------X performed better than Y.----
Heating of the probe can be obtained in two different ways:------The probe can be heated in two different ways:
The installation of the system is done automatically.-----The system is installed automatically.
The evaluation of this index has been carried out by means of the correlation function.----This index was evaluated using the correlation function
其他的例子：
achieve an improvement (improve), carry out a test (test), cause a cessation (stop), conduct a survey (survey), effect a reduction (reduce), execute a search (search), exert an influence (influence), exhibit a performance (perform), experience a change (change), give an expla -nation (explain), implement a change (change), make a prediction (predict), obtain an increase (increase), reach a conclusion (conclude), show an improvement (improve), sub-ject to examination (examine).
In Figure 2 the curve exhibits a downward trend (portion A–B); then it undergoes a rapid rise (part B–C), it then assumes a leveled state (zone C–D). It possesses a peak at point E before displaying a slow decline… On the other hand, the curve in Fig 3 is characterized by a different behavior .
In Figure 2 the curve initially falls (segment A–B) and then rises rapidly (B–C). It then levels off (C–D). Finally it peaks at point E before falling slowly … On the other hand, the curve in Fig 3 behaves differently.
4 适当减少没用的连词
5 用更短的词
advise, urge --recommend； now-- currently；aim --objective； potential --potentiality；also --furthermore； show--- demonstrate；but--- however spread---proliferation； end--- termination (n), terminate (v) ；thus--- consequently；have--- possess； use ---utilization (n), utilize (v)；improve ---ameliorate ；usual --customary；keep--- maintain； very--- extremely；later ----subsequently
6 选择最短的表达
X is large in comparison with Y. (26 characters) ----X is larger than Y. (15 characters)
能够用since替代的词：considering that, given that, due to the fact that, on the basis of the fact that, notwithstanding the fact that, in view of the fact that, in consequence of the fact that
能被note that替代的词：It must be emphasized / stressed / noted / remarked / underlined …；It is interesting to observe that …；It is worthwhile bearing in mind / noting / mentioning that …；It is important to recall that …；As the reader will no doubt be aware …；We have to point out that …
7 用最短的状语表达
To do this, the application searches for solutions in an automatic way / fashion / mode.------To do this, the application searches for solutions automatically.
This should be avoided since it is generally the case that it will fail.-----This should be avoided since it generally fails.
From a financial standpoint, it makes more sense to …------Financially, it makes more sense to …
其他例子：
in the normal course of events (normally), on many occasions (often), a good number of times (many times, frequently), from time to time (occa -sionally), in a rapid manner (rapidly), in a manual mode (manually), in an easy fashion (easily), from a conceptual point of view (conceptually).
8 避免类似It is 类似的表达
此类表达可能会有很多词，且会推迟主语
a)可以用情态动词代替
It is necessary / mandatory to use X. -------X must be used.------X is necessary / mandatory.
It is advisable to clean the recipients. -----The recipients should be cleaned.
It is possible that inflation will rise.------ Inflation may rise.
b)用副词代替
It is surprising that no research has been carried out in this area before.----Surprisingly , no research has been carried out in this area before.
It is regretted that no funds will be available for the next academic year.------Unfortunately, no funds will be available for the next academic year.
It is clear / evident / probable that inflation will rise. ------Inflation will clearly / probably rise.
c)重新组织句子
It is possible to demonstrate [Kim 1992] that…----Kim [1992] demonstrated that …
It is anticipated / believed that there will be a rise in stock prices.----We expect a rise in stock prices.----We believe there will be a rise in stock prices.----A rise in stock prices is expected.
It may be noticed that … It is possible to observe that … Note that …
***当然it is 的用法在委婉表达的时候有用
9 简洁地提到图表
Figure 1 shows schematically / gives a graphical representation of / diagrammatically presents / pictorially gives a comparison of two components
Figure 1 shows a comparison of two components.
From the graphic / picture / diagram / drawing / chart / illustration / sketch / plot / scheme that is depicted / displayed / detailed / represented / sketched in Figure 3, we can say that …
Figure 3 shows / highlights / reports that …
The mass spectrum, reproduced in the drawing in Figure 14, proved that …
The mass spectrum (Fig. 14) proved that …
We can observe / As can be seen from Table 3 that …
Table 3 highlights that …
From an analysis / inspection of Table 3 it emerges that …
黑色地是简洁地表达
10 用不定式表达目的
We use X for the purposes of showing the suitability of Y for the description of Z. ----We use X to show how Y is suitable for describing Z.
In order to maximize channel utilization … To maximize channel utilization …
The design of software is aimed at supporting multimedia services. The software is designed to support multimedia services.---The software supports multimedia services.
