Python 学习笔记 - 数字

2019-07-28  本文已影响0人  风味沙拉

Python 数字类型

Python支持四种不同的数字类型:

如:

x = 8    # int
y = 9.8  # float
z = 5j   # complex

Int (整型)

整型可正可负,不带小数,且没有长度限制,如:

x = 8
y = 85656222554887711
z = -8255522

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

结果为:
>>> x = 8
>>> y = 85656222554887711
>>> z = -8255522
>>>
>>> print(type(x))
<class 'int'>
>>> print(type(y))
<class 'int'>
>>> print(type(z))
<class 'int'>
>>>

Float (浮点数)

浮点数可正可负,带一位或多位小数,如:

x = 1.80
y = 8.0
z = -38.59

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

结果为:
>>> x = 1.80
>>> y = 8.0
>>> z = -38.59
>>>
>>> print(type(x))
<class 'float'>
>>> print(type(y))
<class 'float'>
>>> print(type(z))
<class 'float'>
>>>

浮点数也可以是科学计数法形式的数字,即以字母 e 代表 10 的幂,如:

x = 85e3
y = 18E4
z = -88.7e100

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

结果为:
>>> x = 85e3
>>> y = 18E4
>>> z = -88.7e100
>>>
>>> print(type(x))
<class 'float'>
>>> print(type(y))
<class 'float'>
>>> print(type(z))
<class 'float'>
>>>

Complex (负数)

复数由实部虚部组成,虚部带有字母 j 标记,如:

x = 7 + 8j
y = 5j
z = -5j

print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))

结果为:
>>> x = 7 + 8j
>>> y = 5j
>>> z = -5j
>>>
>>> print(type(x))
<class 'complex'>
>>> print(type(y))
<class 'complex'>
>>> print(type(z))
<class 'complex'>
>>>

可以使用 int(),float(),complex() 作类型转化,如:

x = 6 # int
y = 4.8 # float
z = 3j # complex

#convert from int to float:
a = float(x)

#convert from float to int:
b = int(y)

#convert from int to complex:
c = complex(x)

print(a)
print(b)
print(c)

print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(c))

结果为:
>>> x = 6 # int
>>> y = 4.8 # float
>>> z = 3j # complex
>>>
>>> #convert from int to float:
... a = float(x)
>>>
>>> #convert from float to int:
... b = int(y)
>>>
>>> #convert from int to complex:
... c = complex(x)
>>>
>>> print(a)
6.0
>>> print(b)
4
>>> print(c)
(6+0j)
>>>
>>> print(type(a))
<class 'float'>
>>> print(type(b))
<class 'int'>
>>> print(type(c))
<class 'complex'>
>>>

随机数

Python 没有 random() 函数来产生随机数,但是提供了一个内置模块。

import random
print(random.randrange(2,8))

结果为:
>>> import random
>>> print(random.randrange(2,8))
6
>>>
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