（一）TestNG学习之路—HelloWorld入门

前言

该篇文章主要覆盖环境配置、testNG入门、执行测试三块内容。

工具

• IntelliJ IDEA
• TestNG 6.11
• Maven

pom.xml配置

新建一个maven项目，pom.xml引入依赖。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>TestNG-Learning</groupId>
    <artifactId>TestNG</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <version>6.11</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

案例

TestNG的入门异常简单，如下所示，@BeforeClass注解方法相当于用例执行前的数据准备，@Test注解方法相当于用例执行，@AfterClass注解方法相当于用例执行后的数据销毁/恢复，其他注解后续文章再覆盖讲解。

代码结构

import org.testng.annotations.*;

public class TestNGHelloWorld {
    @BeforeClass
    public void setUp(){
        System.out.println("setUp!");
    }

    @Test
    public void helloWorld(){
        System.out.println("My first TestNG testCase!");
    }

    @AfterClass
    public void tearDown(){
        System.out.println("tearDown!");
    }
}

执行结果如下：

setUp!
My first TestNG testCase!
tearDown!
===============================================
Default Suite
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================

执行测试

用例编写完成后，可通过以下几种方式来执行测试。

• ant构建
  使用ant来执行测试，遵循步骤如下。
  1、安装ant。
  自行百度。
  2、配置build.xml文件。

<project default="test">
 
 <path id="cp">
   <pathelement location="lib/testng-6.11.jar"/>
   <pathelement location="lib/jcommander-1.48.jar"/>
   <pathelement location="build"/>
 </path>
 
 <taskdef name="testng" classpathref="cp"
          classname="org.testng.TestNGAntTask" />
 
 <target name="test">
   <testng classpathref="cp" >
     <classfileset dir="build" includes="TestNGHelloWorld.class"/>
   </testng>
 </target>
 
</project>

3、切换到build.xml文件目录，执行ant命令。

D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG>ant
Buildfile: D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\build.xml

test:
   [testng] setUp!
   [testng] My first TestNG testCase!
   [testng] tearDown!
   [testng]
   [testng] ===============================================
   [testng] Ant suite
   [testng] Total tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
   [testng] ===============================================
   [testng]

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 2 seconds

各目录结构如下所示。

文件结构-ant
TestNGHelloWorld.class
lib

务必下载jcommander.jar，否则报错如下。

D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG>ant
Buildfile: D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\build.xml

test:
   [testng] java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/beust/jcommander/ParameterException
   [testng]     at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredMethods0(Native Method)
   [testng]     at java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredMethods(Class.java:2701)
   [testng]     at java.lang.Class.privateGetMethodRecursive(Class.java:3048)
   [testng]     at java.lang.Class.getMethod0(Class.java:3018)
   [testng]     at java.lang.Class.getMethod(Class.java:1784)
   [testng]     at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper.validateMainClass(LauncherHelper.java:544)
   [testng]     at sun.launcher.LauncherHelper.checkAndLoadMain(LauncherHelper.java:526)
   [testng] Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: com.beust.jcommander.ParameterException
   [testng]     at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381)
   [testng]     at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
   [testng]     at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:331)
   [testng]     at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
   [testng]     ... 7 more
   [testng] Error: A JNI error has occurred, please check your installation and try again
   [testng] The tests failed.

• xml执行
  新建testNG.xml文件(可参考《IDEA自动生成TestNG的testng.xml》文章)，右键run即可。如下xml结构是根据class来执行测试，其他结构配置后续再详解。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
<suite name="Default Suite">
  <test name="TestNG">
    <classes>
      <class name="TestNGHelloWorld"/>
    </classes>
  </test> <!-- TestNG -->
</suite> <!-- Default Suite -->

testNG.xml run

• 命令行执行
  步骤：
  1、环境变量配置
  TestNGHome
  ClassPath
  2、编译
  TestNGHelloWorld.class

3、自定义classpath（第2步的TestNGHelloWorld.class路径）

java -classpath "%classpath%;D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\build" org.testng.TestNG testNG.xml

执行xml：

D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\lib>java -classpath "%classpath%;D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\build" org.testng.TestNG testNG.xml
[TestNG] Running:
  D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\lib\testNG.xml

setUp!
My first TestNG testCase!
tearDown!

===============================================
Default Suite
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================

执行class：

D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\lib>java -classpath "%classpath%;D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\build" org.testng.TestNG -testclass TestNGHelloWorld
[TestNG] Running:
  Command line suite

setUp!
My first TestNG testCase!
tearDown!

===============================================
Command line suite
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================

还可以将命令行开关放在文本文件中，例如d:\test.txt。，并告诉TestNG使用该文件检索其参数，执行结果与上面的一致。

d:\test.txt 内容：testNG.xml
编译后的class文件在D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\lib下

D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\lib>java -Dtestng.test.classpath org.testng.TestNG @d:\test.txt
[TestNG] Running:
  D:\IntelliJ_IDEA_workspace\TestNG\lib\testNG.xml

setUp!
My first TestNG testCase!
tearDown!

===============================================
Default Suite
Total tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
===============================================

命令行执行更多的参数可参考官网。