复习英语语法--主宾代词、所有格
主宾代词
类型 | 备注 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
主语代词 | I | you | he | she | it | we | you | they | 在动词之前 |
宾语代词 | me | you | him | her | it | us | you | them | 用在动词或介词之后 |
例句:
I will take it to you.
Please give it to me.
所有形容词(表示“某人的”)
类型 | 备注 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
所有形容词 | my | your | his | her | its | our | your | their | 表示“某人的” |
注意:its表示它的,而it's是it is的简写。
如The dog is playing its ball. (狗在玩它的球)
It is like a ball.(它像一个球)
所有代词
类型 | 备注 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
所有代词 | mine | yours | his | hers | ours | yours | theirs | 表示xx的物品 |
注意:所有形容词和所有代词都不使用's或’来表示所有格;此外上表没有its,因此its只表示"它的",不表示它的物品。
如That pencil is her's(错)That pencil is hers(对)
与之对应,使用whose来进行提问,如:
Whose pen is this? It's John's
Whose are these? I don't konw- they aren't mine.
所有格(表示“某物/人的”)
表示“xx的”有两种方式:
方式一:用of ,如the population of the town.
如果xx表示物,则多用of,如I didn't see the end of the film. 而不用I didn't see the film's end.
方式二:'s或',如children's books,the girls' room;
如果xx表示人,则多用's,如She is Sam's sister,而不用She is the sister of Sam.
【重点】加's与'的区别,只要词结尾是s(复数形式也算),则直接加‘,否则都加's;
- 以s结尾:the sailors' boat、parents' house
- 不以s结尾:John's car、my mother's garden;
当句意思清晰时,可以省略’s或'之后名词。
什么时候意思清晰?'s之后在上一句的提到,或指家、店、服务时。
比如Is this your mobile phone? No, it's John's. # 省略了phone
Shall we go to Anthony's for lunch?# 省略了home
I need to go to the dentist's. # 省略了shop
其它代词
类型 | 备注 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
代词 | this | that | these | those | one | ones | 这个、那个、这些、那些、一个 |
1.this/these表示在我们身边的事物,或离我们近的;that/those表示不在我们身边的事物;
注意,these是this的复数形式,those是that的复数形式,ones是one的复数形式。
This is a good meal. # 这是一顿美餐。时间就在最近
That was a good meal.# 那是一顿美餐。过去的时间 细细体会区别
2.对于one,只能使用代替可数名词,不能代替不可数名词。
(错)I prefer pop music to classical one.
(对)I prefer pop music to classical music.
3.我们使用this/that/these/those + one(s)来表示我们想要或表示的词。
Can you pass me some plates? Those ones on the top shelf.
反身代词
类型 | 备注 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
反身代词 | myself | yourself | himself | herself | itself | ourselves | youselves | themselves | 我自己,你自己、他自己.. |
例句:we enjoyed ourselves at the party. (had fun)
do sth by myself:表示自己完成某事。
如I live by myself.(I live alone)
注意:当主宾不一致时,使用each other
(错)Anna and Susan like themselves.
(对)Anna and Susan like each other. (等于Anna likes Susan and Susan likes Anna)
不定代词
不定代词用来指代那些不清楚的物或人。
类型 | 备注 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
不定代词 | someone/somebody | anyone/anybody | everyone/everybody | no one/nobody | 某个/某人、任何物/任何人、每个/每人、没有一个/没有人 |
可以使用some/any/every+不定量词来扩展,如something,anything,everywhere。
注意:英语中不使用双否定。
(错)I didn't eat nothing.
(对)I didn't eat anything.
此外不定代词的动词使用单数形式。
(错)Everyone are sleeping in my bed.
(对)Everyone is sleeping in my bed.