复习英语语法—将来发生的事

在英语中，表示未来即将发生的事情，有以下几种形式：
1.be going to
2.will
3.be 动词ing

be going to

陈述句：
I'm (am) going to run after dinner.
It/He/She's (is) going to run after dinner.
We/You/They're (are) going to run after dinner.

疑问句：
Am I going to run after dinner? Yes, I am./ No, I am not.
Is it/he/she going to run after dinner? Yes, it/he/she is. / No, it/he/she isn't.
Are we/you/they going to run after dinner?Yes, we/you/they are. No, we/you/they aren't.

be going to 常用来描述讲话前确定将要做的事情：
We're going to go home and nurse our colds.

be going to 根据前提预测将做发生的事情：
There's no moon so it's going to be very dark tonight. （There's no moon是前提）

will

陈述句：
I/It/He/She/We/You/They'll (will) run after dinner.

疑问句：
Will I/he/she/it/we/you/they run after dinner? Yes, I will. No, I won't (will not).

will常常描述在讲话时才决定将来做的事情，如：
A: It's very cold in here.
B: OK, I'll turn on the heating. I am going to turn on the heating.

Shall有时有will的含义

• 在写作英语中，且主语是I 或We时，Shall有will的含义。
  I shall be 26 years old on next Friday.

• 但在口语中，Shall仅用于建议
  Shall I open a window?

be+动词ing

现在进行时，即be+动词ing也能表示将要发生的事情，与前面will和be going to的区别是，be+动词ing表示事情在日程安排好的，确定发生的事情。

例1：I am not working tomorrow. (我明天不用上班，请假了）

此外，现在进行时表将来一般有未来时间状语来修饰；且对于已安排好的事情，我们不使用一般现在时，而使用现在进行时。

例2：We are going home next Wednesday. （我们计划下周三回家）

例3：We meet our friends this evening（错）. We are meeting our friends this evening.（对）

“be going to” 与 “will” 的相同和区别

• 相同点，都可以描述对未来的预测

My father will be sixty in September. = My father is going to be sixty in September.

• 总的说，will更偏向临时和感性，而be going to更偏计划和理性；

• 区别1：will描述在讲话时才确定将做的事（更临时）；而be going to描述在讲话前，确定的将做的事情（更有计划）。

Will: I will hava salad now. （临时确定）
Be goint to: I am going to have salad for losing weight.（事前确定）

• 区别2：will描述的预测是基于个人观点，而be going to描述的预测是基于前面的推理。

Will: I think United will win the game.
Be goint to: Look at those black clouds, it's going to rain.

其它

如果主句是将来时，而从句是一般现在时。when, as soon as, before, after, until:
I'll see you when I arrive.
As soon as I get there, I'll phone you.