Hot and bothered——经济学人

Heatwaves are becoming more common. They needn't be deadly热浪常见但不致命

When a heatwave in Europe killed more 70000 people in 2003，it was seen as a once-in-a-millennium event. Today, experts say, such blistering heat can be expected once a decade. 原来2003年热死这么多人，完全没想到，现在专家预测每十年可能会出现一次

In Saudi Arabia, as temperatures hit 500C in the shade, 1,300 of the pilgrims who flocked to Mecca for the hajj have died.麦加朝圣者死亡1300人，这么热的天这些人真虔诚

The basic idea is simple: get people out of the sun and into the cool. Extreme heat can cause heatstroke, heart problems and dehydration. 极端高温会导致中暑、心脏病和脱水

受影响最深的人：不习惯空调的人，老人，穷人

Air conditioning, where affordable, is part of the answer. If powered by renewable energy, it is not bad for the climate, and it can save lives.空调是好但是不算饮鸠止渴吗？空调的排放不会致使气温更热吗？

A study in the Lancet concluded that there were 345,000 heat-related deaths worldwide in 2019 among the over-65s, and that the toll would have been 50% higher without air conditioning.空调真的立了大功劳了

Architects in Singapore design buildings to funnel wind around the city, while a vast tree-planting effort provides shade and retains moisture.建筑物设计考虑引风，但是重新整个城市的设计耗时耗钱，需要更快的解决办法

Three stand out：

First, workplaces and schools need to be more flexible. 天太热就居家办公学习

Second ：to create more chilled public spaces to provide relief and refuge.创造更多凉爽的公共空间，为人们提供救济和庇护

Some American cities have "cooling centres"-as do others in India and Vietnam.设降温中心 

Even simple adaptations can make a difference: painting a roof white can cut indoor temperatures by severaldegrees.将屋顶漆成白色可以将室内温度降低几度

Finally, government and citizens need to be better prepared particularly in places that are unused to roasting temperatures.政府和公民需要更好地做好准备

After the emergency in 2003 France was shocked into creating a national plan for heatwaves, with an early-warning system and guidelines on everything from sporting events to training medical staff. During a record-breaking heatwave in 2019, the country had 90% fewer casualties than in 2003.法国制定了一项全国性的降温计划，其中包括预警系统和从体育赛事到医疗人员培训等所有方面的职责，2019年的死亡率相比2003年减少了90%