课堂管理五步法

课题管理是中小学教学的基础。再好的教学设计，没有好的课堂管理，一切都是零。听了Teach

4 the heart的Linda Karadam在油管的5-step plan，和大家分享下。

Step 1 Find the right demeanor.

错误的态度包括：Try to be their friend. Worry aboutbeing liked.

正确的态度应该是：To be their mentor. Focus on beingrespected. Be nice and firm/strict.

优秀的教师应该同时满足以下条件：nice, personable, understanding, fun to be around，同时，也要high expectations, deal with issues, not a pushover。

Make it personal：What do you need to change about your demeanor?

这一步真得化解了我很多疑惑。在课堂上不够严厉的心理障碍便是，希望孩子们可以释放天性，不想给太多束缚。但一个和蔼可亲、善解人意的老师同时也有自己的边界和原则，对学生抱有高的期许，提出严格要求，而这并不冲突。不用做他们的朋友，只需要做他们的导师；不需要寻求被喜欢，而是寻求被尊重。

Make it personal：What’s specific way you can start changing this tomorrow?

Step 2 Develop system to get attention& eliminate distractions.

为了减少课堂干扰，需要：

1. Whole brain teaching: call& response; raise your hand for permission to speak.

要为班级设立一个class-response saying，形成他们的条件反射。比如你说one, two，学生下意识说three four，用最短的时间把他们的注意力集中到老师身上。

最近在上课辅和夏令营的课程，全是大班课，也不是自己之前带过的班级，并且一个班只带几节课。这种情况，花时间按照自己的口令来训练学生，既没时间，性价比也低。只需上课前留心记下班主任的口令，上课时学生吵闹时喊出来，便能起到立竿见影的效果。

2. Warning system: behavior chart, class Dojo.

上课时学生说话，不要停止教学，write names on board，提前可give consequences，课间处理。

为何需要warning system？

为了培养孩子的individual responsibility以及curb behavior without nagging or punishing.

Teaching is a journey! Ditching the warning system is a great (eventual) goal. You need order, other methods require more skill and experience.

Step 3 Shake up your problem areas.

Reflect: What situation, circumstance or routine causes the most problems?

1. Identify the problem area.(e.g. chattering)

2. Determine a better procedure for this situation.

3. Find a way to shake it up.

理想状态下，开学前一两个星期要teach procedures and rules，将问题扼杀在萌芽状态中，但在学期中也可以进行shake-up，但如何shake up a problem，需要让学生意识到something is different。可以：

Take something out of the room;

Don’t let the students into the room;

Skip a certain part of your routine, e.g.skip bathroom break;

Do something different to get their attention;

Add something in the front.

总之，要让学生问或想: What’s going on?

Use actions, not just words, to show the students things will be different.

Teach the new procedure:

1.  Explain: should be very specific, as more specific as possible。不要just say: do it correctly，要说出具体的步骤和真确的方式到底是什么。

2. Practice: let’s do it.

3. Correct: in a kind and patient way.

4. Redo: who doesn’t do correctly, ask them to do again.

Step 4 Deal with problems while they are small.

Little problems don’t stay little. They grow until they get worse.

可以在学期初写下你心目中理想的课堂秩序是什么，为自己设立清晰的原则。有时候不处理小问题的原因，往往是自己也没有清晰的边界和原则。

Step 5 Develop relationships with your students.

这是long-term success的关键。

和学生建立情感账户，你对学生的care, empathy, interest便是这个emotional bank account的deposit，而你对学生的expectations和discipline是withdrawal。有了deposit，才能withdraw，否则账户空空如也，如何withdraw？

Invest more in the students who are most challenging.

如：和最challenging的学生每天聊2分钟与学习学校无关的话题，连续10天。

Seek first to understand, then to be understood.—Stephen Covey

多问why，而不是不分青红皂白就批评学生，多和父母学生沟通。

Make it personal: What can you do tomorrow to build stronger relationship with your students?

之前上课从未有过classroom management的需求，所以这学期也有很多血泪教训，很多细节都需要注意。Great classroom management is nuanced. One missing element can throw everything off.