外刊阅读：How safe are e-cigarettes?
近年来，电子烟逐渐流行，我国也有多家公司投身其中。电子烟在做广告时，往往会强调健康。那么，电子烟到底是不是健康安全呢？
How safe are e-cigarettes?
by Melissa Breyer
When e-cigarettes were introduced to the U.S. market in 2007, they were billed as a safe alternative to conventional tobacco cigarettes. But since then various studies have found that these e-cigs may not be so harmless after all.
introduce /ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs/ v. 引入
bill /bɪl/ v. 把…宣传为
alternative /ɒlˈtɜːnətɪv/ n. 可替代品、另一种选择
conventional /kənˈvenʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. 常规的、普通的
tobacco /təˈbækəʊ/ n. 烟草、烟丝
cig /sɪɡ/ = cigarette
harmless /ˈhɑːmləs/ adj. 无害的（由harm加上表示否定的后缀-less并变成形容词）
Most e-cigarettes are designed to look like conventional cigarettes, but they are actually battery-operated devices. They contain an atomizer（雾化器） that heats a nicotine（尼古丁） liquid that turns to vapor; the vapor is then inhaled and exhaled, much like tobacco smoke.
operate /ˈɒp(ə)reɪt/ v. 运作
device /dɪˈvaɪs/ n. 设备、装置
heat /hiːt/ v. 加热
turn /tɜːn/ v. 变成
vapor /ˈveɪpə(r)/ n. 蒸汽、雾汽
inhale /ɪnˈheɪl/ v. 吸入
exhale /eksˈheɪl/ v. 呼出
Reports have found health concerns with e-cigarettes. A report published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that e-cigs give off formaldehyde（甲醛）, which is another carcinogen（致癌物）. And in 2009, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that a laboratory analysis of electronic cigarette samples found that they contain "carcinogens and toxic chemicals such as diethylene glycol, an ingredient used in antifreeze."
concern /kənˈsɜːn/ n. 担忧
publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ v. 发表
journal /ˈdʒɜːn(ə)l/ n. 期刊
give off 释放出
administration /ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 管理局
analysis /əˈnæləsɪs/ n. 分析
sample /ˈsɑːmp(ə)l/ n. 样本、样品
toxic /ˈtɒksɪk/ adj. 有毒的
chemical /ˈkemɪk(ə)l/ n. 化学物质
ingredient /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/ n. 成分、组成部分
antifreeze /ˈæntifriːz/ n. 抗凝剂、防冻剂（由freeze加上表示“抗、反”的前缀anti-）
Despite these dangers, people are still lighting up electronically. E-cigarette sales in the U.S. reached $3.7 billion in 2015, and analysts predict that sales could hit $10 billion in five years.
light up 点亮（这里指抽烟）
electronically /ˌɪlekˈtrɒnɪk(ə)li/ adv. 以电子方式（由electronic加后缀-ally变成副词）
sales /seɪlz/ n. 销售额
billion /ˈbɪljən/ n. 十亿
analyst /ˈænəlɪst/ n. 分析师
hit /hɪt/ v. 达到
About 15.4% of all adults (and 23.5% of adults 18 to 24) used e-cigarettes in 2016, according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). E-cigarettes have been the most commonly used tobacco product among U.S. youth since 2014, says the CDC, with one in five high school students using e-cigarettes in 2018.
prevention /prɪˈvenʃ(ə)n/ n. 预防（由prevent加后缀-ion变成名词）
"Advocates of e-cigarettes say emissions are much lower than from conventional cigarettes, so you are better off using e-cigarettes," said Berkeley Lab researcher Hugo Destaillats. "I would say, that may be true for certain users – for example, long time smokers that cannot quit – but the problem is, it doesn't mean that they're healthy. Regular cigarettes are super unhealthy. E-cigarettes are just unhealthy."
advocate /ˈædvəkət/ n. 倡导者
emission /ɪˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 排放
be better off 处境更好
researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ n. 研究者（由research加上表示人的后缀-er）
smoker /ˈsməʊkə(r)/ n. 吸烟者（由smoke加上表示人的后缀-er）
super /ˈsuːpə(r)/ adv. 格外、特别
U.S. Surgeon General Vivek H. Murthy called the increasing number of young people using e-cigarettes a major public health concern. "We know enough right now to say that youth and young adults should not be using e-cigarettes or any other tobacco product, for that matter," he said. "The key bottom line here is that the science tells us the use of nicotine-containing products by youth, including e-cigarettes, is unsafe."
surgeon /ˈsɜːdʒ(ə)n/ n. 外科医生（Surgeon General是美国公共健康总局局长）
major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ adj. 主要的、重大的
key /kiː/ adj. 关键的
bottom line 最重要的一点
Local and state governments are taking action. Michigan became the first state to ban flavored e-cigarettes. The blanket ban went into effect on September 4. State officials are particularly worried vaping by young people, calling it a public health emergency.
take action 采取行动
Michigan /ˈmɪʃɪɡən/ n. 密歇根（美国北部的州）
ban /bæn/ v. 禁止
flavor /ˈfleɪvə(r)/ v. 给…添味（比如水果味、巧克力味等）
blanket /ˈblæŋkɪt/ adj. 全面的、包括所有情况的
ban /bæn/ n. 禁令
go into effect 生效
official /əˈfɪʃ(ə)l/ n. 官员
vape /veɪp/ v. 抽电子烟
emergency /ɪˈmɜːdʒ(ə)nsi/ n. 紧急情况
Earlier, San Francisco became the first city to ban e-cig sales after city officials voted June 26 to ban stores from selling the items and online retailers from delivering to city addresses.
San Francisco /ˌsæn frænˈsɪskəʊ/ 圣弗朗西斯科（美国西部城市）
sale /seɪl/ n. 销售
retailer /ˈriːteɪlə(r)/ n. 零售商（由retail加上表示人的后缀-er）
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