语法基础3第六节——同位语从句
一、同位语从句细讲
1. 当从句是陈述句的时候，引导词用 that
注意：
① 同位语从句引导词 that 无含义，不充当成分，不可省略。
② 同位语从句与其说明的名词或代词为同一内容，故可以用 is 把前边的中心词和从句连接成一个句子。
③ 同位语从句和先行词之间没有逗号。
2. 当从句时一般疑问句时，引导词用 whether（是否）
举例：
① 它是对还是错这个问题取决于结果。
【翻译】 The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result.
② 他们正面临是否依然从事教育行业的问题。
【翻译】 They are faced with the problem whether they are still in teaching industry.
③ 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
【翻译】 He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.
④ 他还没有下是否确定要考研的决定。
【翻译】 He hasn't made up his mind whether he will take the postgraduate entrance exam.
3. 当从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词
① 谁应该去和公司谈判这个问题需要仔细考虑。
【翻译】 The problem who should negotiate with the company needs careful consideration.
② 他在文城呆了多久这个问题至今都是一个谜。
【翻译】 The question how long he stayed in Wencheng remains a mystery.
二、写作之同位语从句
1. 写作
① 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。
【翻译】 The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.
② 温室里的花朵不能经受风雨这个事实表明，父母不应该溺爱孩子。
【翻译】 The fact that flowers in the greenhouse fail to suffer storms indicates that kids should never be spoiled by their parents.
③ 中国的小学教育是否应该引入英语，这个问题已经引起广泛的讨论。
【翻译】 The question whether English should be introduced into Chinese primary schools has caused a wide-ranging discussion.
④ 他在文城呆了多久这个问题至今都是一个谜。
【翻译】 The question how long he stayed in Wencheng remains a mystery.
⑤ 经过很多天的思考，我得出一个结论：婚姻是爱情的坟墓。
【翻译】After many days of reflection , I came to a conclusion that marrige was really the tomb of love.
2. 长难句分析
如何识别同位语从句？
答：只要在名词后面见到有引导词出现，暂定为同位语从句（更可能是定语从句，90%是定语从句）。具体是什么讲定语从句的时候会讲。
如果同位语从句比较简单，翻译时则放在名词（短语）的前面；如果比较复杂，则采取后置的方法，用“那就是”“即”或“ ：”连接名词（短语）和从句。
① Evidence that the Love Life Program produces lasting changes is limited.
【翻译】证明“热爱生命”活动能产生持久变化的证据是有限的。
② With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050, and forecasts that agricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace, food security is increasingly making headlines.
【翻译】据预测，到 2050 年，全球人口将接近 100 亿，而一些地区的农业生产需要增加近一倍才能跟上人口增长的步伐，因此，粮食安全问题日益成为媒体关注的焦点。
③ Concerns were raised that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.
【翻译】人们担心证人可能会受到怂恿，在法庭上夸大事实以确保法庭对被告做出有罪的判决。
④ For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.
【翻译】多年以来，高管和猎头一直遵循这样一条规则：最具吸引力的首席执行官候选人是那些必须被挖过来的人。
⑤ Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.
【翻译】尽管有大量的证据表明，教师的素质是最重要的变量，但教师工会一直反对淘汰较差的教师，提拔优秀的教师。
⑥ Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.
【翻译】不幸的父母很少受刺激去思考他们是否不该要孩子，但是不幸的无子女者却被这样的信息所困扰——孩子是世界上唯一最重要的东西，很明显，他们的痛苦一定是由生活中没有孩子的缺憾直接造成的。
⑦ Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.（5个同位语从句解释principle）
【翻译】许多美国人认为陪审团制度是重要的民主价值观的具体体现，包括以下原则：符合最低年龄和文化水平要求的所有公民都同样有资格担任陪审团成员；陪审员应该从具有代表性的社会各阶层成员中随机挑选；任何公民都不应因种族、宗教、性别或民族出身而被剥夺担任陪审员的权利；被告有权接受同龄人的审判；判决应该代表社会的良知，而不仅仅是法律条文的体现。
