ROS自主导航机器人

PIBOT上位机开发（ROS1/ROS2）

2022-07-17  本文已影响0人  PIBOT导航机器人

@[TOC]

1. 概述

采用树莓派/RK3288/RK3399/X86工控机/TK1/TX1/TX2作为上位ROS主控,基于ROS开发适配导航建图算法

2. 软件框架

软件框架图

3. Ubuntu的刷入、ROS(ROS2)的安装

具体请参考树莓派(raspberrypi 3b/4b)安装ROS

tf卡启动的nanopi(RK3399) 则同树莓派一样操作

4. ssh远程连接

windows中推荐安装xshell远程连接

树莓派/nanopi rk3399默认开启了热点ssid和password均为pibot_ap，可以通过连接该热点连接树莓派/nanopi rk3399，树莓派/nanopi rk3399的IP为192.168.12.1

ap默认配置打开，如果需要重新配置，只需要执行cd ~/pibot_ros/third_party/create_ap && ./config_ap.sh && sudo make install && cd ~/pibot_ros && ./pibot_ap.sh start

如需要关闭ap模式，改为连接wifi，只需要执行cd ~/pibot_ros && ./pibot_ap.sh stop后重启
如需要打开ap模式, 开启则执行cd ~/pibot_ros && ./pibot_ap.sh start后重启

4.1 安装xshell

网盘中下载xshell并安装

通过Xshell连接树莓派/RK3288/RK3399

输入IP和用户名密码

pibot_xshell.gif

5. 用户主机

需要一个PC安装ROS环境，用来显示查看地图或者玩转模拟器等，PIBOT提供了一个一键安装ROS的脚本pibot_install_ros，可以直接在Ubuntu下安装ROS
用户主机环境Ubuntu或者Windows7/10+Vmvare+Ubuntu虚拟机Ros kinetic环境, 安装ROS参见Windows下安装Ubuntu虚拟机及ROS相关章节

6. 多机通讯

用户主机与树莓派/RK3288/RK3399/TK1/TX1/TX2/X86主机怎么建立ROS通讯的，PIBOT提供了一键配置脚本pibot_init_env

7. ROS驱动开发

7.1 概述

下位机及通过串口与树莓派/RK3288/RK3399/TK1/TX1/TX2/X86主机通讯，PIBOT提供了一个简单的协议，通讯协议具体请参见协议文档

7.2 驱动开发及PID参数动态调整

PID参数已在出厂时候配置，如需了解细节请参考PIBOT的driver的实现及动态PID调节

7.3 目录结构简介

建议拷贝提供的压缩文件至目标设备(树莓派/RK3288/RK3399/X86工控机/TK1/TX1/TX2)上解压或者直接git clone，不然会遇到一些问题，具体问题见Q&A

PIBOT的ROS workspace目录如下图

7.4 编译与测试

编译

cd ~/pibot_ros
git fetch # 拉取最新的代码
git pull
 # ros2 需要切换到ros分支，如 git checkout -b galactic-devel origin/galactic-devel
cd ~/pibot_ros/ros_ws
catkin_make   # ros2 为 pbmake

测试

初始化配置

重新拔插USB口或者重启树莓派/RK3288/RK3399

ls /dev/pibot -l

开始测试

打开终端输入pibot_,再输入2次tab提示支持的命令

pibot_cmd.gif
也可以输入"alias | grep pibot_"查看所有命令的别名，对应其ros的全命令，如下图 
pibot@pibot~$ alias | grep pibot_
alias pibot_base='ros2 launch pibot_bringup robot_launch.py'
alias pibot_base_with_imu='ros2 launch pibot_bringup robot_launch.py'
alias pibot_bringup='ros2 launch pibot_bringup bringup_launch.py'
alias pibot_bringup_with_imu='ros2 launch pibot_bringup bringup_with_imu_launch.py'
alias pibot_cartographer='ros2 launch pibot_navigation cartographer.launch.py'
alias pibot_cartographer_with_odom='ros2 launch pibot_navigation cartographer.launch.py'
alias pibot_configure='ros2 run rqt_reconfigure rqt_reconfigure'
alias pibot_control='ros2 launch pibot_bringup keyboard_teleop_launch.py'
alias pibot_gmapping='ros2 launch pibot_navigation mapping.launch.py'
alias pibot_gmapping_with_imu='ros2 launch pibot_navigation mapping.launch.py'
alias pibot_holonomic_joystick='ros2 launch pibot_bringup joystick_launch.py joy_config:=joystick-holonomic'
alias pibot_joystick='ros2 launch pibot_bringup joystick_launch.py joy_config:=joystick'
alias pibot_lidar='ros2 launch pibot_lidar rplidar_launch.py'
alias pibot_mapping='ros2 launch pibot_navigation mapping.launch.py'
alias pibot_naviagtion='ros2 launch pibot_navigation navigation2.launch.py'
alias pibot_naviagtion_with_imu='ros2 launch pibot_navigation navigation2.launch.py'
alias pibot_save_map='ros2 launch pibot_navigation save_map.launch.py'
alias pibot_simulator='ros2 launch pibot_simulator nav_launch.py'
alias pibot_tf_tree='ros2 run rqt_tf_tree rqt_tf_tree'
alias pibot_view='rviz2 -d ${PIBOT_HOME}/ros_ws/src/pibot_navigation/rviz/nav2_default_view.rviz'
alias pibot_view_cartographer='rviz2 -d ${PIBOT_HOME}/ros_ws/src/pibot_navigation/rviz/nav2_default_view.rviz'

这些命令具体定义在~/.pibotrc文件,该文件是pibot_init_env脚本自动生成的

8. 校准

无IMU校准

参见PIBOT的控制及校准

IMU校准

参见PIBOT的IMU校准

9. ROS建图与导航

9.1 概述

ROS驱动中提供了cmd_vel的订阅及odom的发布，至此再需要一个激光雷达就可以完成建图了

9.2 建图

在树莓派/RK3288/RK3399运行pibot_gmapping
在用户主机运行pibot_view(ROS2中为``）

pibot_gmapping和pibot_view在ROS1/2分别对应下面的命令

roslaunch pibot_navigation gmapping.launch
roslaunch pibot_navigation view_nav.launch

ros2 launch pibot_navigation mapping.launch.py
rviz2 -d ${PIBOT_HOME}/ros_ws/src/pibot_navigation/rviz/nav2_default_view.rviz

另外还可以运行pibot_cartographer命令执行使用google cartographer建图
ROS2中使用slam_box提供建图

两种建图方法

pibot_control和pibot_joystick在ROS1/2分别对应下面的命令

roslaunch pibot keyboard_teleop.launch
roslaunch pibot joystick.launch

ros2 launch pibot_bringup keyboard_teleop_launch.py
ros2 launch pibot_bringup joystick_launch.py joy_config:=joystick

保存地图

pibot_save_map在ROS1/2分别对应下面的命令

roslaunch pibot_navigation save_map.launch
roslaunch pibot_navigation save_map.launch map_name:=xxx
roscd pibot_navigation/maps/ && rosrun map_server map_saver -f xxx

ros2 launch pibot_navigation save_map.launch.py
ros2 launch pibot_navigation save_map.launch.py map:=xxx

可以看到生成2个文件

10 导航

单点导航测试

在树莓派/RK3288/RK3399输入pibot_naviagtion运行`

pibot_naviagtion在ROS1/2分别对应下面的命令

roslaunch pibot_navigation nav.launch
roslaunch pibot_navigation nav.launch map_name:=xxx.yaml

ros2 launch pibot_navigation navigation2.launch.py
ros2 launch pibot_navigation navigation2.launch.py map:=xxx

在用户主机运行pibot_view，通过RViz提供的功能既可以完成导航测试(这里需要先指定初始位置）

如果直接运行pibot_naviagtion则使用默认参数，nav.launch文件中可以设置默认使用的地图文件

多点导航

可以通过修改pibot/scripts中的navigation_demo.py的python脚本完成单点和多点的导航
具体可以参考
使用rospy启动launch与定点导航
基于rospy的多点导航的python实现

11. 模拟器

PIBOT包内置了模拟器，可以直接运行pibot_simulator启动模拟器

pibot_simulator在ROS1/2分别对应下面的命令

roslaunch pibot_simulator nav.launch

- ROS2
```bash
ros2 launch pibot_simulator nav_launch.py

这样无需小车也可以模拟导航了

12. Android App

12.1相关功能

保证手机跟跟PC或者树莓派/RK3288/RK3399连接同一个网络，保证手机能够访问到roscore(export ROS_IP=XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX)具体参见ROS多机的通讯配置


修改Master URI选择roscore的URI 点击CONNECT
切换Camera View与Map View
android_app

12.2 显示视频

显示视频需要硬件摄像头支持同时在PC或者树莓派/RK3288/RK3399启动roslaunch pibot usb_camera.launch
或者直接浏览器访问192.168.12.1:8080选择相应的Topic即可

192.168.12.1为设备地址, 以具体设备为准

手机APP ROS2 暂时不支持

13. IMU的相关包使用

装有IMU的PIBOT系列小车，底层提供IMU的数据采集，上层提供了IMU的互补滤波以及融合里程计和IMU的扩展的卡尔曼滤波包robot_pose_ekf
启动时只需相应的with_imu的launch文件， 具体参见pibot_命令

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