wxWidget之HelloWorld

2018-03-31 本文已影响288人 jdzhangxin

wxWidgets工程配置

参考wxWidgets官方Hello World in wxWidgets编写一个简单的wxWidgets入门。

从小的成功积累到大的成功

编译&执行环境

OS	CPU	IDE
Win10	x64	VS2015+clang+VSCode

Hello World

程序从界面来说主要分为两大类：CLI(控制台)和GUI(图形界面)。
控制台是一个简单的命令行程序，没有界面，执行没有界面，便于与其它命令组合，非常适合自动化批量执行。GUI则是一个包含界面的程序，易于非程序员操作和使用。下面使用wxWidgets各实现HelloWorld。

控制台/终端

#define WXUSINGDLL
#define __WXMSW__
#define _UNICODE
#include <wx/wx.h>
int main(){
    wxPrintf(wxT("HelloWorld"));
}

执行结果：HelloWorld

对话框

#define WXUSINGDLL
#define __WXMSW__
#define _UNICODE
#include <wx/wx.h>
int main(){
    wxMessageBox(wxT("HelloWorld"));
}

执行结果：

对话框

在VisualStdio中，WXUSINGDLL、__WXMSW__和_UNICODE三个宏通常设置在项目属性页的预处理定义中。

窗口程序

通常，使用wxWidgets就是要实现比较复杂的GUI界面，这种界面通常称为窗口。下面展示非常简单的一个窗口程序。

#define WXUSINGDLL
#define __WXMSW__
#define _UNICODE

#include <wx/wx.h>

class MyFrame: public wxFrame {
public:
    MyFrame(): wxFrame(NULL, wxID_ANY, "Hello World") {}
};
class MyApp: public wxApp {
public:
    virtual bool OnInit(){
        MyFrame *pframe = new MyFrame();
        pframe->Show( true );
        return true;
    }
};
wxIMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp);

执行结果：

HelloWorld窗口

特点：

没有main()函数，实际上是包含在wxWidgets框架中看不到。
一个应用程序类App，一个框架类Frame。
Frame在App的OnInit()函数中实例化。

注意：这里Frame没有销毁，可能会内存泄露(通常这么处理也不会有太大问题，因为窗口关闭时，OS会收回所有资源)。

解决方法一：
把Frame指针作为App的成员变量，在App析构函数中释放Frame动态内存。

#define WXUSINGDLL
#define __WXMSW__
#define _UNICODE
#include <wx/wx.h>
class MyFrame: public wxFrame {
public:
    MyFrame(): wxFrame(NULL, wxID_ANY, "Hello World") {}
};
class MyApp: public wxApp {
public:
    ~MyApp(){
        wxDELETE(pframe);
        wxASSERT(not pframe);
    }
    virtual bool OnInit(){
        pframe = new MyFrame();
        pframe->Show( true );
        return true;
    }
private:
    MyFrame* pframe{nullptr};
};
wxIMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp);

解决方法二：
把Frame对象作为App的成员变量，Frame随App生存周期自动的创建和消亡。

#define WXUSINGDLL
#define __WXMSW__
#define _UNICODE
#include <wx/wx.h>
class MyFrame: public wxFrame {
public:
    MyFrame(): wxFrame(NULL, wxID_ANY, "Hello World") {}
};
class MyApp: public wxApp {
public:
    virtual bool OnInit(){
        frame.Show(true);
        return true;
    }
private:
    MyFrame frame;
};
wxIMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp);

添加状态栏

#define WXUSINGDLL
#define __WXMSW__
#define _UNICODE

#include <wx/wx.h>

class MyFrame: public wxFrame {
public:
    MyFrame(): wxFrame(NULL, wxID_ANY, "Hello World") {
        CreateStatusBar();
        SetStatusText( "Welcome to wxWidgets!" );
    }
};
class MyApp: public wxApp {
public:
    virtual bool OnInit(){
        frame.Show(true);
        return true;
    }
private:
    MyFrame frame;
};
wxIMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp);

执行结果：

状态栏

添加菜单

#define WXUSINGDLL
#define __WXMSW__
#define _UNICODE

#include <wx/wx.h>

enum
{
    ID_Hello = 1
};

class MyFrame: public wxFrame {
public:
    MyFrame(): wxFrame(NULL, wxID_ANY, "Hello World") {
        // 菜单
        wxMenu *menuFile = new wxMenu;
        menuFile->Append(ID_Hello, "&Hello...\tCtrl-H",
                         "Help string shown in status bar for this menu item");
        menuFile->AppendSeparator();
        menuFile->Append(wxID_EXIT);
        
        // 菜单
        wxMenu *menuHelp = new wxMenu;
        menuHelp->Append(wxID_ABOUT);

        // 菜单栏
        wxMenuBar *menuBar = new wxMenuBar;
        menuBar->Append( menuFile, "&File" );
        menuBar->Append( menuHelp, "&Help" );
        SetMenuBar( menuBar );

        CreateStatusBar();
        SetStatusText( "Welcome to wxWidgets!" );
    }
};
class MyApp: public wxApp {
public:
    virtual bool OnInit(){
        frame.Show(true);
        return true;
    }
private:
    MyFrame frame;
};
wxIMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp);

执行结果：

菜单栏

菜单添加事件

#define WXUSINGDLL
#define __WXMSW__
#define _UNICODE

#pragma comment(lib,"vcruntime.lib")
#include <wx/wx.h>

enum
{
    ID_Hello = 1
};

class MyFrame: public wxFrame {
public:
    MyFrame(): wxFrame(NULL, wxID_ANY, "Hello World") {
        // 菜单
        wxMenu *menuFile = new wxMenu;
        menuFile->Append(ID_Hello, "&Hello...\tCtrl-H",
                         "Help string shown in status bar for this menu item");
        menuFile->AppendSeparator();
        menuFile->Append(wxID_EXIT);
        
        // 菜单
        wxMenu *menuHelp = new wxMenu;
        menuHelp->Append(wxID_ABOUT);

        // 菜单栏
        wxMenuBar *menuBar = new wxMenuBar;
        menuBar->Append( menuFile, "&File" );
        menuBar->Append( menuHelp, "&Help" );
        SetMenuBar( menuBar );

        CreateStatusBar();
        SetStatusText( "Welcome to wxWidgets!" );

        Bind(wxEVT_MENU, [=](wxCommandEvent&){wxLogMessage("Hello world from wxWidgets!");}, ID_Hello);
        Bind(wxEVT_MENU, [=](wxCommandEvent&){
            wxMessageBox( "This is a wxWidgets' Hello world sample","About Hello World", wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION );
        }, wxID_ABOUT);
        Bind(wxEVT_MENU, [=](wxCommandEvent&){ Close(true);}, wxID_EXIT);
    }
};
class MyApp: public wxApp {
public:
    virtual bool OnInit(){
        frame.Show(true);
        return true;
    }
private:
    MyFrame frame;
};
wxIMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp);

注意：这里的菜单栏和菜单项不要手动delete，Frame销毁时负责销毁。

右键菜单

#define WXUSINGDLL
#define __WXMSW__
#define _UNICODE
#include <wx/wx.h>

#pragma comment(lib,"vcruntime.lib")

class MyFrame: public wxFrame {
public:
    MyFrame(): wxFrame(NULL, wxID_ANY, "Hello World") {}
    void OnPopupMenu(wxMouseEvent& event){
        wxMenu menu;
        menu.Append(wxID_ANY,wxT("Test1"));
        menu.Append(wxID_ANY,wxT("Test2"));
        this->PopupMenu(&menu);
    }

    DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
};
BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyFrame, wxFrame)
    EVT_RIGHT_DOWN(MyFrame::OnPopupMenu)
END_EVENT_TABLE()

class MyApp: public wxApp {
public:
    virtual bool OnInit(){
        MyFrame* pFrame = new MyFrame;
        pFrame->Show( true );
        return true;
    }   
};
wxIMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp);

#define WXUSINGDLL
#define __WXMSW__
#define _UNICODE
#include <wx/wx.h>

#pragma comment(lib,"vcruntime.lib")
class MyPopupMenu: public wxMenu {
public:
    MyPopupMenu():wxMenu(){
        Append(wxID_ANY,wxT("Test1"));
        Append(wxID_ANY,wxT("Test2"));
    }
};

class MyFrame: public wxFrame {
public:
    MyFrame(): wxFrame(NULL, wxID_ANY, "Hello World") {}
    void OnPopupMenu(wxMouseEvent& event){
        MyMenu menu;
        PopupMenu(&menu);
    }

    DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
};
BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyFrame, wxFrame)
    EVT_RIGHT_DOWN(MyFrame::OnPopupMenu)
END_EVENT_TABLE()

class MyApp: public wxApp {
public:
    virtual bool OnInit(){
        MyFrame* pFrame = new MyFrame;
        pFrame->Show( true );
        return true;
    }   
};
wxIMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp);

动态菜单

#define WXUSINGDLL
#define __WXMSW__
#define _UNICODE
#include <wx/wx.h>
#include <vector>
#include <tuple>

using namespace std;

#pragma comment(lib,"vcruntime.lib")

class MyPopupMenu: public wxMenu {
enum{
    ID_CREATE_PROJECT,
    ID_CREATE_GROUP,
    ID_CREATE_MARKPOINT,
    ID_CREATE_FOV_SINGLE,
    ID_CREATE_FOV_MAPPED,
    ID_COPY_PASTE,
    ID_DELETE,
    ID_SET_REPORT,
    ID_PROPERTY,
    ID_TEST
};
public:
    MyPopupMenu():wxMenu(){
        typedef void (MyPopupMenu::*MenuFunc)(wxCommandEvent&);
        typedef tuple<int,wxString,MenuFunc> MenuItem;
        vector<MenuItem> items = {
            make_tuple(ID_CREATE_PROJECT,wxT("创建工程"),&MyPopupMenu::OnCreateProject),
            make_tuple(ID_CREATE_GROUP, wxT("创建Group"),&MyPopupMenu::OnCreateGroup),
            make_tuple(ID_CREATE_MARKPOINT,wxT("创建MarkPoint"),&MyPopupMenu::OnCreateMarkPoint),
            make_tuple(ID_CREATE_FOV_SINGLE,wxT("创建FovSingle"),&MyPopupMenu::OnCreateFovSingle),
            make_tuple(ID_CREATE_FOV_MAPPED,wxT("创建FovMapped"),&MyPopupMenu::OnCreateFovMapped),
        };

        for(auto& item : items){
            MenuFunc pFunc;
            wxString label;
            int id;
            tie(id,label,pFunc) = item;
            wxMenuItem* pItem = new wxMenuItem(this,id,label);
            Connect(id,wxEVT_MENU,(wxObjectEventFunction)(wxEventFunction)static_cast<wxCommandEventFunction>(pFunc),NULL,this);
            Append(pItem);
        }
        
    }
    void OnCreateProject(wxCommandEvent& event);
    void OnCreateGroup(wxCommandEvent& event);
    void OnCreateMarkPoint(wxCommandEvent& event);
    void OnCreateFovSingle(wxCommandEvent& event);
    void OnCreateFovMapped(wxCommandEvent& event);
};

void MyPopupMenu::OnCreateProject(wxCommandEvent& event){
    wxMessageBox(wxT("Context"), wxT("创建工程"),wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION,nullptr);
}
void MyPopupMenu::OnCreateGroup(wxCommandEvent& event){
    wxMessageBox(wxT("Context"), wxT("创建Group"),wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION,nullptr);
}
void MyPopupMenu::OnCreateMarkPoint(wxCommandEvent& event){
    wxMessageBox(wxT("Context"), wxT("创建工程"),wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION,nullptr);
}
void MyPopupMenu::OnCreateFovSingle(wxCommandEvent& event){
    wxMessageBox(wxT("Context"), wxT("创建工程"),wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION,nullptr);
}
void MyPopupMenu::OnCreateFovMapped(wxCommandEvent& event){
    wxMessageBox(wxT("Context"), wxT("创建工程"),wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION,nullptr);
}


class MyFrame: public wxFrame {
public:
    MyFrame(): wxFrame(NULL, wxID_ANY, "Hello World") {}
    void OnPopupMenu(wxMouseEvent& event){
        MyPopupMenu menu;
        PopupMenu(&menu);
    }

    DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
};
BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyFrame, wxFrame)
    EVT_RIGHT_DOWN(MyFrame::OnPopupMenu)
END_EVENT_TABLE()

class MyApp: public wxApp {
public:
    virtual bool OnInit(){
        oFrame.Show( true );
        return true;
    }
private:
    MyFrame oFrame;
};
wxIMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp);

其中,Connect(id,wxEVT_MENU,(wxObjectEventFunction)(wxEventFunction)static_cast<wxCommandEventFunction>(pFunc),NULL,this);可以使用Bind()，更加简单Bind(wxEVT_MENU,pFunc,this,id);

同样，以下三行代码

 wxMenuItem* pItem = new wxMenuItem(this,id,label);
            Connect(id,wxEVT_MENU,(wxObjectEventFunction)(wxEventFunction)static_cast<wxCommandEventFunction>(pFunc),NULL,this);
            Append(pItem);

可以简写成

Append(id,label);
Bind(wxEVT_MENU,pFunc,this,id);

进一步优化

#define WXUSINGDLL
#define __WXMSW__
#define _UNICODE
#include <wx/wx.h>
#include <vector>
#include <tuple>

using namespace std;

#pragma comment(lib,"vcruntime.lib")
class MyMenuHandler;
typedef void (MyMenuHandler::*MenuFunc)(wxCommandEvent&);
typedef tuple<int,wxString,MenuFunc> MenuItem;

class MyMenuHandler{
enum{
    ID_CREATE_PROJECT,
    ID_CREATE_GROUP,
    ID_CREATE_MARKPOINT,
    ID_CREATE_FOV_SINGLE,
    ID_CREATE_FOV_MAPPED,
    ID_COPY_PASTE,
    ID_DELETE,
    ID_SET_REPORT,
    ID_PROPERTY,
    ID_TEST
};
private:

    vector<MenuItem> items;
    void OnCreateProject(wxCommandEvent& event){
        wxMessageBox(wxT("Context"), wxT("创建工程"),wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION,nullptr);
    }
    void OnCreateGroup(wxCommandEvent& event){
        wxMessageBox(wxT("Context"), wxT("创建Group"),wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION,nullptr);
    }
    void OnCreateMarkPoint(wxCommandEvent& event){
        wxMessageBox(wxT("Context"), wxT("创建工程"),wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION,nullptr);
    }
    void OnCreateFovSingle(wxCommandEvent& event){
        wxMessageBox(wxT("Context"), wxT("创建工程"),wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION,nullptr);
    }
    void OnCreateFovMapped(wxCommandEvent& event){
        wxMessageBox(wxT("Context"), wxT("创建工程"),wxOK | wxICON_INFORMATION,nullptr);
    }
public:
    MyMenuHandler():items({
            make_tuple(ID_CREATE_PROJECT,wxT("创建工程"),&MyMenuHandler::OnCreateProject),
            make_tuple(ID_CREATE_GROUP, wxT("创建Group"),&MyMenuHandler::OnCreateGroup),
            make_tuple(ID_CREATE_MARKPOINT,wxT("创建MarkPoint"),&MyMenuHandler::OnCreateMarkPoint),
            make_tuple(ID_CREATE_FOV_SINGLE,wxT("创建FovSingle"),&MyMenuHandler::OnCreateFovSingle),
            make_tuple(ID_CREATE_FOV_MAPPED,wxT("创建FovMapped"),&MyMenuHandler::OnCreateFovMapped)
    }){}
    vector<MenuItem>& GetHandlers(){
        return items;
    }
};


class MyPopupMenu: public wxMenu {
public:
    enum{
        MENU_ID,MENU_LABEL,MENU_HAMDLE
    };
    MyPopupMenu(wxWindow* parent,MyMenuHandler&& handler):MyPopupMenu(parent,handler){}
    MyPopupMenu(wxWindow* parent,MyMenuHandler& handler):wxMenu(){
        for(auto& item : handler.GetHandlers()){
            Append(get<MENU_ID>(item),get<MENU_LABEL>(item));
            Bind(wxEVT_MENU,get<MENU_HAMDLE>(item),&handler,get<MENU_ID>(item));
        }
        parent->PopupMenu(this);
    }
};

class MyFrame: public wxFrame {
public:
    MyFrame(): wxFrame(NULL, wxID_ANY, "Hello World") {}
    void OnPopupMenu(wxMouseEvent& event){
        MyPopupMenu menu(this,MyMenuHandler{});
    }
    DECLARE_EVENT_TABLE()
};

BEGIN_EVENT_TABLE(MyFrame, wxFrame)
    EVT_RIGHT_DOWN(MyFrame::OnPopupMenu)
END_EVENT_TABLE()

class MyApp: public wxApp {
public:
    virtual bool OnInit(){
        oFrame.Show( true );
        return true;
    }
private:
    MyFrame oFrame;
};
wxIMPLEMENT_APP(MyApp);

wxWidget之HelloWorld

编译&执行环境

Hello World

控制台/终端

对话框

窗口程序

添加状态栏

添加菜单

菜单添加事件

右键菜单

动态菜单

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