语法自查列表

前言：

这篇自查列表中的解释分析部分都是李笑来老师总结的，我所做的就是添加了例子。这所有的例子都是我自己在教学中发现的真实例句，有些是学生的作文，有些是学生的论文。

经常查阅，对照，可以内化为自己的语言本能。

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检查自己的作文、翻译也好，帮别人检查作文、翻译也好，以下的列表非常有帮助，因为它罗列了几乎所有人们最常犯的错误：

1.      单词拼写错误：

未按照单词的正确拼写方式书写单词，但不包括由于英式英语和美式英语差异所带来的单词拼写差异。

I haveskied on many different mountants.

 - mountains

I canmake my dream come ture.

- true

I saw your advertisement for a teacher of kindgarten and I would like to apply forthe job.

- kindergarten

In my colleage,…

- college

Anything is possiable.

- Anything is possible.

He has teached for 3 years.

- He has taught for 3 years.

 

2. 名词单复数形式错误：

错误地使用了名词的数，包括：

(1) 使用了不可数名词的“复数”形式

I havefound a lot of informations on Chinese culture.

- I have found a lot of information on Chinese culture.

(2) 使用了集合名词的“复数”形式

There aremany peoples in our country who smoke.

- There are many people in our country who smoke.

(3) 在应该使用复数的地方使用了单数名词（或反之）等。

I want tofind out who was the first people who contracted AIDS.

- I want to find out who was the first person who contracted AIDS.

I thinkthat it is important for person who drive cars to pay attention to safety.

- I think that it is important for people who drive cars to pay attention to safety.

I have attended several speech competition held in Taizhou.

- I have attended several speech competitions held in Taizhou.

We wantto make great contribution for our country.

- We want to make greatcontributionstoour country.

3. 单数可数名词未受限定：

句子中出现的单数可数名词之前没有使用限定词，包括冠词、不定代词、指示代词、名词或代词所有格、数词与某些形容词性的物主代词。

I can do goodjob.

- I can doagood job.

I’mwriting to you in the hope that I may obtain opportunity.

- I’m writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an/the opportunity.

a excellent writer

- an excellent writer

Then,teacher can use news, pictures, songs and videos to attract students.

- Then,the teacher/teachers can use news, pictures, songs and videos to attractstudents.

4. 词性错误：

在选择词汇的过程中忽略了英文词性的特性，仅按照含义来使用词汇，从而发生了词性使用错误的现象。

I am lackof experience.

- I lack experience.(v.)

I am in lack of experience. (n.)

I am lacking inexperience. (a.)

I achievebrave, confidence, happiness from skiing.

- I have achieved bravery, confidence, happiness from skiing.

I saledmy things such as clothes, furniture.

- I sold my things such as clothes, furniture.

It’s alsovery safety.

- It’s also very safe.

I am an experiencetraveler.

- I am an experienced traveler.

This isreally a challenging work for me.

- This is really a challenging job for me. /This is really challenging work for me.

I am an experienced babysit.

- I am an experienced babysitter.

I am fullof enthusiastic.

- I am enthusiastic.

I am full of enthusiasm.

I workedvery hard and treated my workmates friendly.

- I worked very hard and treated my workmates in a friendly way.

I worked very hard and was friendly to/towards my workmates.

5. 修饰关系错误：

违反了词汇修饰的规则，采用了不恰当的修饰关系。包括用形容词修饰动词、形容词修饰形容词，副词修饰名词等。

I willdisplay my talents and myself to you comprehensive.

- I will display my talents and myself to you comprehensively.

There isno definitely answer.

- There is no definite answer.

6. 搭配错误：

句子中出现了不合适的词汇修饰、限制、说明现象，或者错误地使用了固有的词汇搭配形式。

I lookedthe message carefully.

- Iread the message carefully.

I also listento my workmates’ and leader’s advice.

- I also follow/take my workmates’ and leader’s advice.

I am verypatient and very like children.

-  I am very patient andlike children very much.

Students arefond to take part in English learning by combining English with recreation.

- Students are fond of taking  …

With theimprovement of life conditions, …

- With the improvement of living conditions, …

They createdmany wonders.

- They did/worked many wonders.

I am eager to working again.

- I am eager to work again.

7. 词序错误：

未使用正确的、符合习惯的表述语序来对内容进行陈述。其中包括修饰词顺序错误，该倒装时没有倒装等。

Not only Ihave passed CET-4 and CET-6, …

- Not only have I passed …

I hope sincerely you can give me this job.

- I sincerely hope you can give me this job.

The firstcase of AIDS patient was discovered in China in 1985 June.

- The first case of AIDS patient was discovered in China in June, 1985.

8. 非谓语动词使用错误：

错误地使用了现在分词、过去分词、或动词的不定式。其中包括：

9. 现在分词和过去分词误用：

作者没有保证逻辑主语与分词的一致性，即当逻辑主语发出动作时使用了过去分词，而在承受动作或状态时使用了现在分词。

Deeply moving,I cried when I read the book.

- Deeply moved,I cried when I read the book.

Please see my resume enclosing for more details.

- Please see my resume enclosed for more details.

While earnestly studied the textbook knowledge, I actively participate in all kinds of activities.

- While earnestly studying the textbook knowledge, I actively participate in all kinds of activities.

10. 不定式与动名词误用：

动名词表达的是“状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的”；

不定式表达的是“目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的”。

I regrettelling you the following sad news.

- I regret to tell you the following sad news.

Sorry, Ihave forgotten doing the homework. Can I give it to you tomorrow? 

- Sorry, I have forgotten to do the homework. …

11. 介词误用：

错误地使用了介词。

I havepassion on be a English teacher.

- I have passion for beingan English teacher.

I amwriting to you in the hope of that…

- I am writing to you in the hope of that…

I am writing to you in the hope of doing…

I need a job to start my life in here.

- I need a job to start my life in here.

And manyof my articles have been published at famous newspapers and magazines.

- And many of my articles have been published in famous newspapers and magazines.

In March29, 2010, …

-On March 29, 2010, …

Xxx matcheswith the car very well.

- Xxx matches the car very well.

12. 连词误用：

错误地使用了连词。

Although Idon’t have much working experience, but I am a hard-working person.

- Although I don’t have much working experience,but I am a hard-working person.

- Although I don’t have much working experience, but I am a hard-working person.

Teachersare not only the students’ instructors and friends as well.

- Teachers are not only the students’ instructors but friends as well.

Teachers should arouse students’ curiosity and as well as promote their intrinsic motivation in English learning.

- Teachers should arouse students’ curiosity and as well as promote their intrinsic motivation in English learning.

- Teachers should arouse students’ curiosity and as well as promote their intrinsic motivation in English learning.

13. 关系代词误用：

在定语从句中错误地使用了关系代词。

He is mybest friend whom I think will always be there for me.

- He is my best friend who I think will always be there for me.

I amhardworking, honest, and easygoing, all of that are my advantages.

- I am hardworking, honest, and easygoing,all of which are my advantages.

14. 冠词误用：

没有分清楚定冠词和不定冠词的区别，或对两个不定冠词的用法不清楚而错误的使用了冠词。

Being thelawyer is my dream.

- Being a lawyer is my dream.

I havepassion on be a English teacher.

- I have passion for being an English teacher.

I have always wanted to be a accountant.

- I have always wanted to be an accountant.

15. 代词误用或指代不明：

作者使用的代词的数或者性与名词不匹配，或者读者无法直接判断作者使用的代词所指代的对象。

When theyshow their worry in answering the questions, teachers should smile at them andsay…

- When students show their worry in answering the questions, teachers should smile at them and say…

As agreat teacher, he or she should enjoy he or her teaching work.

- As a great teacher, he or she should enjoy his or her teaching work.

… bringsa lot of benefits to our human beings.

-…brings a lot of benefits to us human beings.

Theresults of the survey suggested that our students should improve ….

- The results of the survey suggested that we students should improve ….

I am goodat communicating with each other.

- I am good at communicating with others/other people.

We aregood at communicating with each other.

16. 句子不完整：

句子中某成分，尤其是构成句子的主干成分残缺。

I liketeaching others and willing to teach my knowledge to students.

- I like teaching others and am willing to teach my knowledge to students.

Affection,as a necessary condition for the existence of mankind, dominating theirspiritual lives.

- Affection, as a necessary condition for the existence of mankind,dominates their spiritual lives.

In March29, 2010, two suicide-bomb blasts that killed 39 people in Moscow’s two subwaystations.

- On March 29, 2010, two suicide-bomb blasts that killed 39 people in Moscow’s two subway stations.

Technologywhich brings a lot of benefits to us human beings.

- Technology which brings a lot of benefits to us human beings.

I starteddrawing when I still a child.

- I started drawing when I was still a child.

I lovethe books and crazy about them.

- I love the books and am crazy about them.

17. 主谓不一致：

句子的主语和谓语在“数”上不满足一致关系。

Mytraining in my college definitely meet your qualifications.

- My training in my college definitely meets your qualifications.

The studentusually participate in all kinds of activities.

- The student usually participates in all kinds of activities.

Acronyms is easy to read and remember and the number of it is increasing.

- Acronyms are easy to read and remember and the number of them is increasing.

18. 违反主句专一原则：

当一个句子由多个分句组成非简单句时，作者没有确保有且仅有一个主句，即所有从句必须有连词、关系代词或者分号等引导或隔离，但必须保证有唯一的主句。犯此类错误的句子叫做“流水句（run-on sentences）”或“逗号拼凑句（comma splice）”。

New wordsare growing so fast, most of them come with the development of science and technology,economy and politics, and social cultures.

- New words are growing so fast, most of which…

- New words are growing so fast; most of them …

- New words are growing so fast, and most of them…

- New words are growing so fast. Most of them …

Nowadays,modern social life and working pace are becoming quicker and quicker, peopletend to seek for largest amounts of information in the shortest time.

- Nowadays, modern social life and working pace are becoming quicker and quicker,and/so people...

- Nowadays, modern social life and working pace are becoming quicker and quicker; people ...

- Nowadays, modern social life and working pace are becoming quicker and quicker. People ...

I am afour year university graduates, my name is xxx, the profession is theInternational Economics and Trade.

- I am a university senior. My name is xxx. My majoris the International Economics and Trade.

19. 比较句错误：

作者在比较句中的比较主体不一致，即在一个比较句中，作者所引入的两个比较对象不具备同样的本质和属性，即“不可比”，或比较级使用错误等。

He is muchhandsome than others.

- He is much more handsome than others.

20. 并列主体不一致：

在并列成分中，作者没有做到并列双方在结构、功能、性质方面完全对等。

We learneverything by making mistakes and correct them.

- We learn everything by making mistakes and correcting them.

I thinkthe serious problem is well worth consideration and discuss.

- I think the serious problem is well worth consideration and discussion.

21. 时态错误：

句子谓语动词所使用的时态与句子所在的上下文环境不一致。

I achievebrave, confidence, happiness from skiing.

- I have achieved bravery, …

In thepast two years, I had been a tutor.

- In the past two years, I have been a tutor.

I want to be a bank clerk when I attend university. (求职时用语，已经上大学了)

- I wanted to be a bank clerk when I attended university.

From then on, -gate is used more and more frequently.

- From then on, -gate has been used more and more frequently.

Peoplewho had been infected with AIDS should not be regarded as criminals.

- People who have been infected with AIDS should not be regarded as criminals.

Before they became famous, they experience lots of difficulties.

- Before they became famous, they had experienced lots of difficulties.

22. 语态错误：

句子谓语动词所使用的语态（主动/被动）与主语不一致。

Becauseof infecting with AIDS, he died five days later.

- Because of being infected with AIDS, he died five days later.

After ayear of rest, I was completely recovered.

- After a year of rest, I was completely recovered.

23. 语气错误：

句子没有根据上下文采用正确的真实语气或虚拟语气。

If Icould spend more time on study, I would attend a better university 8 monthsago.

- If I had spent more time on study, I would have attended a better university 8 months ago.

If I woulddie tomorrow, I would enjoy today as possible as I can.

- If I were to die tomorrow, I would enjoy today as possible as I can.

Were I to die tomorrow,

If Idiedtomorrow,

If I should die tomorrow,

Should I die tomorrow,

24. 不符合英语习惯用法：

句子或词等满足语法规则，但是不符合英美国家的母语使用者的表述习惯。

Most doctors agree that smoking makes a contribution to lung cancer.

- Most doctors agree that smoking contributes to lung cancer.