Nginx-11 地址重写 rewrite

2020-01-13  本文已影响0人  Habit_1027

一、什么是Rewrite

​ Rewrite对称URL Rewrite，即URL重写，就是把传入Web的请求重定向到其他URL的过程

二、Rewrite 相关指令

2.1、if 语句
2.3、Rewrite匹配参考示例
本地解析host文件
# http://www.testpm.com/a/1.html ==> http://www.testpm.com/b/2.html
    location /a {
        root    /html;
        index   1.html index.htm;
        rewrite .* /b/2.html permanent;
        }
    location /b {
        root    /html;
        index   2.html index.htm;
        }
例2：
# http://www.testpm.com/2019/a/1.html ==> http://www.testpm.com/2018/a/1.html
     location /2019/a {
        root    /var/www/html;
        index   1.html index.hml;
        rewrite ^/2019/(.*)$ /2018/$1 permanent;
        }
     location /2018/a {
        root    /var/www/html;
        index   1.html index.htl;
        }

例3：
# http://www.qf.com/a/1.html ==> http://jd.com
location /a {
        root    /html;
        if ($host ~* www.qf.com ) {
        rewrite .* http://jd.com permanent;
        }
        }

例4：
# http://www.qf.com/a/1.html ==> http://jd.com/a/1.html
location /a {
        root /html;
        if ( $host ~* qf.com ){
        rewrite .* http://jd.com$request_uri permanent;
        }
        }

例5: 在访问目录后添加/  (如果目录后已有/，则不加/)
# http://www.tianyun.com/a/b/c
# $1: /a/b
# $2: c
# http://$host$1$2/
location /a/b/c {
        root    /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index   index.html index.hml;
        if (-d $request_filename) {
        rewrite ^(.*)([^/])$ http://$host$1$2/ permanent;
        }
        }

例6：
# http://www.tianyun.com/login/tianyun.html ==>  http://www.tianyun.com/reg/login.html?user=tianyun
    location /login {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        rewrite ^/login/(.*)\.html$ http://$host/reg/login.html?user=$1;
        }
    location /reg {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index login.html;

        }

例7：
#http://www.tianyun.com/qf/11-22-33/1.html  ==>  http://www.tianyun.com/qf/11/22/33/1.html
location /qf {
            rewrite ^/qf/([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)$ /qf/$1/$2/$3$4 permanent;
        }

        location /qf/11/22/33 {
                root /html;
                index   1.html;
        }
2.4、set 指令

set 指令是用于定义一个变量，并且赋值

应用环境:

server,location,if

应用示例

例8：
#http://alice.testpm.com ==> http://www.testpm.com/alice
#http://jack.testpm.com ==> http://www.testpm.com/jack

[root@nginx-server conf.d]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@nginx-server html]# mkdir jack alice
[root@nginx-server html]# echo "jack.." >> jack/index.html
[root@nginx-server html]# echo "alice.." >> alice/index.html

a. DNS实现泛解析
*           IN      A               网站IP
或者本地解析域名host文件
10.0.105.202 www.testpm.com
10.0.105.202 alice.testpm.com
10.0.105.202 jack.testpm.com
编辑配置文件:
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.testpm.com;

    location / {
         root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
         index  index.html index.htm;
         if ( $host ~* ^www.testpm.com$) {
                break;
                }
         if ( $host ~* "^(.*)\.testpm\.com$" ) {
                set $user $1;
                rewrite .* http://www.testpm.com/$user permanent;
                }
        }
    location /jack {
         root /usr/share/nginx/html;
         index  index.html index.hml;
        }
    location /alice {
         root /usr/share/nginx/html;
         index index.html index.hml;
        }
}
2.5、return 指令

return 指令用于返回状态码给客户端

server,location,if

应用示例:

例9：如果访问的.sh结尾的文件则返回403操作拒绝错误
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.testpm.cn;
    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/http_access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
        }

    location ~* \.sh$ {
        return 403;
        }
}

例10：80 ======> 443 ：80转443端口
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.testpm.cn;
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/http_access.log  main;
    return 301 https://www.testpm.cn$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name www.testpm.cn;
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/https_access.log  main;

    #ssl on;
    ssl_certificate   /etc/nginx/cert/2447549_www.testpm.cn.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key  /etc/nginx/cert/2447549_www.testpm.cn.key;
    ssl_session_timeout 5m;
    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    ssl_ciphers  ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

    location / {
        root  /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index index.html index.htm;
    }
}

[root@nginx-server ~]# curl -I http://www.testpm.cn
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx/1.16.0
Date: Wed, 03 Jul 2019 13:52:30 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 169
Connection: keep-alive
Location: https://www.testpm.cn/

三、last,break详解

image.png 
[root@localhost test]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/last_break.conf 
server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  localhost;
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/last.access.log  main;

    location / {
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        index  index.html index.htm;
    }
    location /break/ {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        rewrite .* /test/break.html break;
    }
    location /last/ {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        rewrite .* /test/last.html last;
    }
    location /test/ {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
        rewrite .* /test/test.html break;
    }

}
[root@localhost conf.d]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@localhost html]# mkdir test
[root@localhost html]# echo "last" > test/last.html
[root@localhost html]# echo "break" > test/break.html
[root@localhost html]# echo "test" > test/test.html

http://10.0.105.196/break/break.html
http://10.0.105.196/last/last.html

注意：

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