外刊阅读：Coastal cities are learning
随着全球变暖，冰川融化，海平面慢慢升高。对于很多沿海城市来说，不仅有一些地区会被海水淹没，而且台风、海潮等带来的洪水也会增多。如何有效地防洪抗洪，现在就要好好规划了。
Coastal cities are learning to live with water
by Jim Morrison
Norfolk, Virginia, was founded on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay in the 17th century, but when the city needed new ideas to deal with sinking land and rising seas it turned to people with even more experience fighting flooding: the Dutch.
Virginia /vəˈdʒɪnjə/ n. 弗吉尼亚（美国东北部的州）
found /faʊnd/ v. 创建
Chesapeake Bay 是美国东北部的一个海湾
turn to 求助于
Dutch /dʌtʃ/ adj. 荷兰的（the Dutch指全体荷兰人）
The city imported expertise, staging the Dutch Dialogues, a traveling roadshow that is a cross between a seminar on local hydrology（水文学） and a design charrette（问题讨论会）. The dialogues are just one example of how a world increasingly imperiled（危及） by water is turning for guidance to a country where there is no retreat from rising seas.★
import /ɪmˈpɔːt/ v. 进口
expertise /ˌekspɜːˈtiːz/ n. 专业知识、专门技能
stage /steɪdʒ/ v. 举办
dialogue /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/ n. 对话
roadshow /ˈrəʊdʃəʊ/ n. 路演、巡回宣讲
cross /krɒs/ n. 混合物
seminar /ˈsemɪnɑː(r)/ n. 研讨会
increasingly /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/ adv. 越来越
guidance /ˈɡaɪd(ə)ns/ n. 指导、指引（由guide加后缀-ance变成名词）
retreat /rɪˈtriːt/ n. 撤退、后退
★ 这句话里本来是is turning to a country for guidance，但是因为country后面跟了一个where引导的定语从句，所以就把for guidance提到前面，变成了is turning for guidance to a country
"The Netherlands has a long history of water management because half of the country is based below sea level," says Lisette Heuer, global director of flood resilience for Royal HaskoningDHV, a Dutch firm with projects on five continents.
the Netherlands /ˈneðələndz/ 荷兰（西欧国家）
management /ˈmænɪdʒmənt/ n. 管理（由manage加后缀-ment变成名词）
base /beɪs/ v. 以…为基础
sea level /ˈlev(ə)l/ 海平面
global /ˈɡləʊb(ə)l/ adj. 全球的
resilience /rɪˈzɪljəns/ n. 复原能力、恢复能力
project /ˈprɒdʒekt/ n. 项目
continent /ˈkɒntɪnənt/ n. 大陆、大洲
The Dutch have learned there are no easy solutions. Their thinking about living with water has evolved in recent decades. In 1953, a storm flooded the country, killing more than 1,800 people and damaging 47,000 homes. That led to a massive building boom, which created barriers, dams, dikes（海堤）, levees（河堤） and two of the world's largest storm surge barriers at a cost of $5 billion.
evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/ v. 演变、演化
decade /ˈdekeɪd/ n. 十年
lead to 导致
massive /ˈmæsɪv/ adj. 巨大的
boom /buːm/ n. 繁荣
barrier /ˈbæriə(r)/ n. 屏障
dam /dæm/ n. 大坝
surge /sɜːdʒ/ n. 猛增、突增（storm surge指风暴潮）
billion /ˈbɪljən/ n. 十亿
But, over time, the Dutch realized raising a fortress（堡垒） against the inevitable invasion of water wasn't a solution. So they moved on to focusing on water systems and ways to store the water from flooding or slow its discharge into rivers. The country created a program to give rivers more space to flood. Next, they began working with nature, letting the water in and creating lakes and parks that transform into emergency reservoirs（水库） during flooding.
over time 随着时间的推移
inevitable /ɪˈnevɪtəb(ə)l/ adj. 不可避免的、必将发生的
invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒ(ə)n/ n. 侵袭
move on 做新的事情
focus on 聚焦于、专注于
store /stɔː(r)/ v. 储存
slow /sləʊ/ v. 使变慢、减慢
discharge /ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/ n. 排出、流出
program /ˈprəʊɡræm/ n. 方案、计划
transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ v. 彻底改变
emergency /ɪˈmɜːdʒ(ə)nsi/ n. 紧急情况
George Homewood, Norfolk's director of City Planning, says the city's thinking changed radically after holding the Dutch Dialogues in 2015. "We were going to build tall walls. Then we have the dialogues and we realized we have an opportunity to learn to live with water. More importantly, we can start thinking of water not as this existential（事关生存的） threat, but as an asset."
radically /ˈrædɪk(ə)li/ adv. 完全地、彻底地（由radical加后缀-ly变成副词）
opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ n. 机会
importantly /ɪmˈpɔːt(ə)ntli/ adv. 重要的是（由important加后缀-ly变成副词）
threat /θret/ n. 威胁
asset /ˈæset/ n. 资产、有价值的东西
The city is doing with a project to create resilience for two neighborhoods in a watershed（流域）. There will be a combination of hard infrastructure, including a tide gate, the raising of roads and improved storm water capacity, combined with nods to nature. The plans include a resilience park connecting the neighborhoods that features a berm（护堤）, a restored tidal creek（小溪） and wetland, as well as a "water walk" along the tidal creek.
neighborhood /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ n. 住宅区
combination /ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 组合（由combine加后缀-ation变成名词）
infrastructure /ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 基础设施（hard infrastructure指基础设施中的硬件）
tide /taɪd/ n. 潮汐
capacity /kəˈpæsəti/ n. 容量
combine /kəmˈbaɪn/ v. 组合
nod /nɒd/ n. 点头、认可
feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ v. 以…为特点
restore /rɪˈstɔː(r)/ v. 恢复、修复
tidal /ˈtaɪd(ə)l/ adj. 潮汐的（由tide加后缀-al变成形容词）
wetland /ˈwetlənd/ n. 湿地（由wet和land组成）
as well as = and also
water walk 指水边的步道
"One of the things we keep saying is that in some projections we will have 45 days of nuisance flooding a year," Homewood says. "But, on the other hand, that means you've got 320 days without nuisance flooding. That's the kind of thinking that came out of the Dutch Dialogues. Don't focus on the negative. Look at the positive."
projection /prəˈdʒekʃ(ə)n/ n. 预测
nuisance /ˈnjuːs(ə)ns/ n. 麻烦事、令人讨厌的东西
on the other hand 另一方面
negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ n. 不好的事情、不好的方面
positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ n. 好的事情、好的方面
（如果您发现某些行的最后一个单词被分成两半了，请把您使用的浏览器升级到最新版本就能正常显示了。）
