2023年高考英语全国甲卷 - 阅读理解D

Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche -- we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，美国人的心理很矛盾——我们敬畏它们，即使它们带给我们可怕的梦。询问世界各地涌入黄石国家公园的游客，他们最希望看到什么，他们的答案往往是一致的：灰熊。

"Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range," says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
熊生物学家Chris Servheen说：“灰熊正在重新占据它们以前活动范围的大片区域”。随着灰熊的活动范围扩大到一个多世纪以前，人类越来越多地会看到它们。

The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
欧洲人来的时候，美国西部到处都是灰熊，大约有50000只或更多的灰熊与美洲原住民生活在一起。到20世纪70年代初，经过定居者几个世纪的残酷和持续狩猎，只有600至800只灰熊居住在落基山脉北部原来范围的2%。1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》。

Today, there are about 2, 000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.
如今，美国大约有2000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊除名，放松法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于保护组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上。

Obviously, if precautions aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits," says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊可能会变得麻烦，有时会杀死农场牲畜或穿过院子寻找食物。如果人们把食物和诱饵从院子和露营地拿走，灰熊通常会顺利通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物区周围设置电围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们希望有一个干净、没有诱饵的地方，熊可以在那里通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”在米苏拉及其周围管理熊的长期生物学家詹姆斯·琼克尔说。