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Netty基础组件

2024-01-12  本文已影响0人  我可能是个假开发

一、概述

1.定义

Netty 是一个异步的、基于事件驱动的网络应用框架,用于快速开发可维护、高性能的网络服务器和客户端。

2.优势

3.应用

以下的框架都使用了 Netty,因为它们有网络通信需求

二、基本流程

开发一个简单的服务器端和客户端
依赖:

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
    <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
    <version>4.1.39.Final</version>
</dependency>

Server:

new ServerBootstrap()
    .group(new NioEventLoopGroup()) // 1
    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) // 2
    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() { // 3
        protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) {
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder()); // 5
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new SimpleChannelInboundHandler<String>() { // 6
                @Override
                protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String msg) {
                    System.out.println(msg);
                }
            });
        }
    })
    .bind(8080); // 4

Client:

new Bootstrap()
    .group(new NioEventLoopGroup()) // 1
    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class) // 2
    .handler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() { // 3
        @Override
        protected void initChannel(Channel ch) {
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringEncoder()); // 8
        }
    })
    .connect("127.0.0.1", 8080) // 4
    .sync() // 5
    .channel() // 6
    .writeAndFlush(new Date() + ": hello world!"); // 7
image.png

三、EventLoop

1.事件循环对象

EventLoop 本质是一个单线程执行器(同时维护了一个 Selector),里面有 run 方法处理 Channel 上源源不断的 io 事件。

它的继承关系比较复杂

2.事件循环组

EventLoopGroup 是一组 EventLoop,Channel 一般会调用 EventLoopGroup 的 register 方法来绑定其中一个 EventLoop,后续这个 Channel 上的 io 事件都由此 EventLoop 来处理(保证了 io 事件处理时的线程安全)

1.普通任务

import io.netty.channel.DefaultEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.util.NettyRuntime;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Slf4j
public class TestEventLoop {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1. 创建事件循环组
        EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup(2); // io 事件,普通任务,定时任务
//        EventLoopGroup group = new DefaultEventLoopGroup(); // 普通任务,定时任务
        // 2. 获取下一个事件循环对象
        System.out.println(group.next());
        System.out.println(group.next());
        System.out.println(group.next());
        System.out.println(group.next());

        // 3. 执行普通任务
        /*group.next().execute(() -> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            log.debug("ok");
        });*/

        // 4. 执行定时任务
        group.next().scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> {
            log.debug("ok");
        }, 0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        log.debug("main");
    }
}

2.IO任务

new ServerBootstrap()
    .group(new NioEventLoopGroup(1), new NioEventLoopGroup(2))
    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() {
        @Override
        protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) {
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
                @Override
                public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
                    ByteBuf byteBuf = msg instanceof ByteBuf ? ((ByteBuf) msg) : null;
                    if (byteBuf != null) {
                        byte[] buf = new byte[16];
                        ByteBuf len = byteBuf.readBytes(buf, 0, byteBuf.readableBytes());
                        log.debug(new String(buf));
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    }).bind(8080).sync();

客户端,启动三次,分别修改发送字符串为 zhangsan(第一次),lisi(第二次),wangwu(第三次)

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
    Channel channel = new Bootstrap()
            .group(new NioEventLoopGroup(1))
            .handler(new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() {
                @Override
                protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                    System.out.println("init...");
                    ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG));
                }
            })
            .channel(NioSocketChannel.class).connect("localhost", 8080)
            .sync()
            .channel();

    channel.writeAndFlush(ByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT.buffer().writeBytes("wangwu".getBytes()));
    Thread.sleep(2000);
    channel.writeAndFlush(ByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT.buffer().writeBytes("wangwu".getBytes()));
22:03:34 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] c.i.o.EventLoopTest - zhangsan       
22:03:36 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] c.i.o.EventLoopTest - zhangsan       
22:05:36 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-2] c.i.o.EventLoopTest - lisi           
22:05:38 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-2] c.i.o.EventLoopTest - lisi           
22:06:09 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] c.i.o.EventLoopTest - wangwu        
22:06:11 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] c.i.o.EventLoopTest - wangwu  

可以看到两个线程轮流处理 channel,但线程与 channel 之间进行了绑定:


image.png

3.分工细化 EventLoopServer

nio线程耗费时间过长,单独创建一个EventLoopGroup处理耗时较长的任务。
让消息传递给下一个handler:ctx.fireChannelRead(msg);

@Slf4j
public class EventLoopServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 细分2:创建一个独立的 EventLoopGroup
        EventLoopGroup group = new DefaultEventLoopGroup();
        new ServerBootstrap()
                // boss 和 worker
                // 细分1:boss 只负责 ServerSocketChannel 上 accept 事件     worker 只负责 socketChannel 上的读写
                .group(new NioEventLoopGroup(), new NioEventLoopGroup(2))
                .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() {
                    @Override
                    protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                        ch.pipeline().addLast("handler1", new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
                            @Override                                         // ByteBuf
                            public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
                                ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
                                log.debug(buf.toString(Charset.defaultCharset()));
                                ctx.fireChannelRead(msg); // 让消息传递给下一个handler
                            }
                        });
                        /*.addLast(group, "handler2", new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
                            @Override                                         // ByteBuf
                            public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
                                ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
                                log.debug(buf.toString(Charset.defaultCharset()));
                            }
                        });*/
                    }
                })
                .bind(8080);
    }
}
image.png

handler 执行中如何切换线程:

static void invokeChannelRead(final AbstractChannelHandlerContext next, Object msg) {
    final Object m = next.pipeline.touch(ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(msg, "msg"), next);
    // 下一个 handler 的事件循环是否与当前的事件循环是同一个线程
    EventExecutor executor = next.executor();
    
    // 是,直接调用
    if (executor.inEventLoop()) {
        next.invokeChannelRead(m);
    } 
    // 不是,将要执行的代码作为任务提交给下一个事件循环处理(换人)
    else {
        executor.execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                next.invokeChannelRead(m);
            }
        });
    }
}

4. NioEventLoop 处理普通任务

NioEventLoopGroup nioWorkers = new NioEventLoopGroup(2);

log.debug("server start...");
Thread.sleep(2000);
nioWorkers.execute(()->{
    log.debug("normal task...");
});

5.NioEventLoop 处理定时任务

NioEventLoopGroup nioWorkers = new NioEventLoopGroup(2);

log.debug("server start...");
Thread.sleep(2000);
nioWorkers.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> {
    log.debug("running...");
}, 0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

三、Channel

channel 的主要作用

1. ChannelFuture

ChannelFuture channelFuture = new Bootstrap()
    .group(new NioEventLoopGroup())
    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
    .handler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
        @Override
        protected void initChannel(Channel ch) {
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringEncoder());
        }
    })
    .connect("127.0.0.1", 8080); // 1

channelFuture.sync().channel().writeAndFlush(new Date() + ": hello world!");

1 处返回的是 ChannelFuture 对象,它的作用是利用 channel() 方法来获取 Channel 对象

注意 connect 方法是异步的(由nio线程执行),意味着不等连接建立,方法执行就返回了。因此 channelFuture 对象中不能【立刻】获得到正确的 Channel 对象

ChannelFuture channelFuture = new Bootstrap()
    .group(new NioEventLoopGroup())
    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
    .handler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
        @Override
        protected void initChannel(Channel ch) {
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringEncoder());
        }
    })
    .connect("127.0.0.1", 8080);

System.out.println(channelFuture.channel()); // 1
channelFuture.sync(); // 2
System.out.println(channelFuture.channel()); // 3

除了用 sync 方法可以让异步操作同步以外,还可以使用回调的方式:

ChannelFuture channelFuture = new Bootstrap()
    .group(new NioEventLoopGroup())
    .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
    .handler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
        @Override
        protected void initChannel(Channel ch) {
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringEncoder());
        }
    })
    .connect("127.0.0.1", 8080);
System.out.println(channelFuture.channel()); // 1
channelFuture.addListener((ChannelFutureListener) future -> {
    System.out.println(future.channel()); // 2
});

2. CloseFuture

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.Scanner;

@Slf4j
public class CloseFutureClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        ChannelFuture channelFuture = new Bootstrap()
                .group(group)
                .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                .handler(new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() {
                    @Override // 在连接建立后被调用
                    protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
//                        ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG));
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringEncoder());
                    }
                })
                .connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080));
        System.out.println(channelFuture.getClass());
        Channel channel = channelFuture.sync().channel();
        log.debug("{}", channel);
        new Thread(()->{
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
            while (true) {
                String line = scanner.nextLine();
                if ("q".equals(line)) {
                    channel.close(); // close 异步操作 1s 之后
//                    log.debug("处理关闭之后的操作"); // 不能在这里善后
                    break;
                }
                channel.writeAndFlush(line);
            }
        }, "input").start();

        // 获取 CloseFuture 对象, 1) 同步处理关闭, 2) 异步处理关闭
        ChannelFuture closeFuture = channel.closeFuture();
        /*log.debug("waiting close...");
        closeFuture.sync();
        log.debug("处理关闭之后的操作");*/
        System.out.println(closeFuture.getClass());
        closeFuture.addListener((ChannelFutureListener) future -> {
            log.debug("处理关闭之后的操作");
            group.shutdownGracefully();
        });
    }
}

异步提升的是什么

要点

四、Future & Promise

在异步处理时,经常用到这两个接口

netty 中的 Future 与 jdk 中的 Future 同名,但是是两个接口,netty 的 Future 继承自 jdk 的 Future,而 Promise 又对 netty Future 进行了扩展

功能/名称 jdk Future netty Future Promise
cancel 取消任务 - -
isCanceled 任务是否取消 - -
isDone 任务是否完成,不能区分成功失败 - -
get 获取任务结果,阻塞等待 - -
getNow - 获取任务结果,非阻塞,还未产生结果时返回 null -
await - 等待任务结束,如果任务失败,不会抛异常,而是通过 isSuccess 判断 -
sync - 等待任务结束,如果任务失败,抛出异常 -
isSuccess - 判断任务是否成功 -
cause - 获取失败信息,非阻塞,如果没有失败,返回null -
addLinstener - 添加回调,异步接收结果 -
setSuccess - - 设置成功结果
setFailure - - 设置失败结果

1.Future

JDK只支持同步获取结果

@Slf4j
public class TestJdkFuture {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        // 1. 线程池
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
        // 2. 提交任务
        Future<Integer> future = service.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer call() throws Exception {
                log.debug("执行计算");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                return 50;
            }
        });
        // 3. 主线程通过 future 来获取结果
        log.debug("等待结果");
        log.debug("结果是 {}", future.get());
    }
}

Netty中支持同步和异步获取结果

@Slf4j
public class TestNettyFuture {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        EventLoop eventLoop = group.next();
        Future<Integer> future = eventLoop.submit(new Callable<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public Integer call() throws Exception {
                log.debug("执行计算");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                return 70;
            }
        });
//        log.debug("等待结果");
//        log.debug("结果是 {}", future.get());
        future.addListener(new GenericFutureListener<Future<? super Integer>>(){
            @Override
            public void operationComplete(Future<? super Integer> future) throws Exception {
                log.debug("接收结果:{}", future.getNow());
            }
        });
    }
}

2.Promise

@Slf4j
public class TestNettyPromise {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        // 1. 准备 EventLoop 对象
        EventLoop eventLoop = new NioEventLoopGroup().next();
        // 2. 可以主动创建 promise, 结果容器
        DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventLoop);
        new Thread(() -> {
            // 3. 任意一个线程执行计算,计算完毕后向 promise 填充结果
            log.debug("开始计算...");
            try {
                int i = 1 / 0;
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                promise.setSuccess(80);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                promise.setFailure(e);
            }

        }).start();
        // 4. 接收结果的线程
        log.debug("等待结果...");
        log.debug("结果是: {}", promise.get());
    }

}

3.同步处理任务成功

DefaultEventLoop eventExecutors = new DefaultEventLoop();
DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventExecutors);

eventExecutors.execute(()->{
    try {
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    log.debug("set success, {}",10);
    promise.setSuccess(10);
});

log.debug("start...");
log.debug("{}",promise.getNow()); // 还没有结果
log.debug("{}",promise.get());
11:51:53 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - start...
11:51:53 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - null
11:51:54 [DEBUG] [defaultEventLoop-1-1] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - set success, 10
11:51:54 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - 10

4.异步处理任务成功

DefaultEventLoop eventExecutors = new DefaultEventLoop();
DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventExecutors);

// 设置回调,异步接收结果
promise.addListener(future -> {
    // 这里的 future 就是上面的 promise
    log.debug("{}",future.getNow());
});

// 等待 1000 后设置成功结果
eventExecutors.execute(()->{
    try {
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    log.debug("set success, {}",10);
    promise.setSuccess(10);
});

log.debug("start...");
11:49:30 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - start...
11:49:31 [DEBUG] [defaultEventLoop-1-1] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - set success, 10
11:49:31 [DEBUG] [defaultEventLoop-1-1] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - 10

5.同步处理任务失败 - sync & get

DefaultEventLoop eventExecutors = new DefaultEventLoop();
        DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventExecutors);

        eventExecutors.execute(() -> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException("error...");
            log.debug("set failure, {}", e.toString());
            promise.setFailure(e);
        });

        log.debug("start...");
        log.debug("{}", promise.getNow());
        promise.get(); // sync() 也会出现异常,只是 get 会再用 ExecutionException 包一层异常
12:11:07 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - start...
12:11:07 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - null
12:11:08 [DEBUG] [defaultEventLoop-1-1] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - set failure, java.lang.RuntimeException: error...
Exception in thread "main" java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.lang.RuntimeException: error...
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.AbstractFuture.get(AbstractFuture.java:41)
    at com.itcast.oio.DefaultPromiseTest2.main(DefaultPromiseTest2.java:34)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: error...
    at com.itcast.oio.DefaultPromiseTest2.lambda$main$0(DefaultPromiseTest2.java:27)
    at io.netty.channel.DefaultEventLoop.run(DefaultEventLoop.java:54)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$5.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:918)
    at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

6.同步处理任务失败 - await

DefaultEventLoop eventExecutors = new DefaultEventLoop();
DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventExecutors);

eventExecutors.execute(() -> {
    try {
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException("error...");
    log.debug("set failure, {}", e.toString());
    promise.setFailure(e);
});

log.debug("start...");
log.debug("{}", promise.getNow());
promise.await(); // 与 sync 和 get 区别在于,不会抛异常
log.debug("result {}", (promise.isSuccess() ? promise.getNow() : promise.cause()).toString());
12:18:53 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - start...
12:18:53 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - null
12:18:54 [DEBUG] [defaultEventLoop-1-1] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - set failure, java.lang.RuntimeException: error...
12:18:54 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - result java.lang.RuntimeException: error...

7.异步处理任务失败

DefaultEventLoop eventExecutors = new DefaultEventLoop();
DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventExecutors);

promise.addListener(future -> {
    log.debug("result {}", (promise.isSuccess() ? promise.getNow() : promise.cause()).toString());
});

eventExecutors.execute(() -> {
    try {
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException("error...");
    log.debug("set failure, {}", e.toString());
    promise.setFailure(e);
});

log.debug("start...");
12:04:57 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - start...
12:04:58 [DEBUG] [defaultEventLoop-1-1] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - set failure, java.lang.RuntimeException: error...
12:04:58 [DEBUG] [defaultEventLoop-1-1] c.i.o.DefaultPromiseTest2 - result java.lang.RuntimeException: error...

8.await 死锁检查

DefaultEventLoop eventExecutors = new DefaultEventLoop();
DefaultPromise<Integer> promise = new DefaultPromise<>(eventExecutors);

eventExecutors.submit(()->{
    System.out.println("1");
    try {
        promise.await();
        // 注意不能仅捕获 InterruptedException 异常
        // 否则 死锁检查抛出的 BlockingOperationException 会继续向上传播
        // 而提交的任务会被包装为 PromiseTask,它的 run 方法中会 catch 所有异常然后设置为 Promise 的失败结果而不会抛出
    } catch (Exception e) { 
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    System.out.println("2");
});
eventExecutors.submit(()->{
    System.out.println("3");
    try {
        promise.await();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    System.out.println("4");
});
1
2
3
4
io.netty.util.concurrent.BlockingOperationException: DefaultPromise@47499c2a(incomplete)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.checkDeadLock(DefaultPromise.java:384)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.await(DefaultPromise.java:212)
    at com.itcast.oio.DefaultPromiseTest.lambda$main$0(DefaultPromiseTest.java:27)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.PromiseTask$RunnableAdapter.call(PromiseTask.java:38)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.PromiseTask.run(PromiseTask.java:73)
    at io.netty.channel.DefaultEventLoop.run(DefaultEventLoop.java:54)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$5.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:918)
    at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
io.netty.util.concurrent.BlockingOperationException: DefaultPromise@47499c2a(incomplete)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.checkDeadLock(DefaultPromise.java:384)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.DefaultPromise.await(DefaultPromise.java:212)
    at com.itcast.oio.DefaultPromiseTest.lambda$main$1(DefaultPromiseTest.java:36)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.PromiseTask$RunnableAdapter.call(PromiseTask.java:38)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.PromiseTask.run(PromiseTask.java:73)
    at io.netty.channel.DefaultEventLoop.run(DefaultEventLoop.java:54)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$5.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:918)
    at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

五、Handler & Pipeline

ChannelHandler 用来处理 Channel 上的各种事件,分为入站、出站两种。所有 ChannelHandler 被连成一串,就是 Pipeline

打个比喻,每个 Channel 是一个产品的加工车间,Pipeline 是车间中的流水线,ChannelHandler 就是流水线上的各道工序,而后面要讲的 ByteBuf 是原材料,经过很多工序的加工:先经过一道道入站工序,再经过一道道出站工序最终变成产品

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

@Slf4j
public class TestPipeline {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ServerBootstrap()
                .group(new NioEventLoopGroup())
                .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() {
                    @Override
                    protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                        // 1. 通过 channel 拿到 pipeline
                        ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
                        // 2. 添加处理器 head <->  h1 <-> h2 <->  h4 <-> h3 <-> h5 <-> h6 <-> tail
                        pipeline.addLast("h1", new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter(){
                            @Override
                            public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
                                log.debug("1");
                                super.channelRead(ctx, msg);
                            }
                        });
                        pipeline.addLast("h2", new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter(){
                            @Override
                            public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object name) throws Exception {
                                log.debug("2");
                                super.channelRead(ctx, name); // 将数据传递给下个 handler,如果不调用,调用链会断开 或者调用 ctx.fireChannelRead(student);
                            }
                        });

                        pipeline.addLast("h3", new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter(){
                            @Override
                            public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
                                log.debug("3");
                                //从当前位置向前找出站处理器
                                ctx.writeAndFlush(ctx.alloc().buffer().writeBytes("server...".getBytes()));
                                //从tail往前找出站处理器
                                // ch.writeAndFlush(ctx.alloc().buffer().writeBytes("server...".getBytes()));
                            }
                        });
                        pipeline.addLast("h4", new ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter(){
                            @Override
                            public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
                                log.debug("4");
                                super.write(ctx, msg, promise);
                            }
                        });
                        pipeline.addLast("h5", new ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter(){
                            @Override
                            public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
                                log.debug("5");
                                super.write(ctx, msg, promise);
                            }
                        });
                        pipeline.addLast("h6", new ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter(){
                            @Override
                            public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
                                log.debug("6");
                                super.write(ctx, msg, promise);
                            }
                        });
                    }
                })
                .bind(8080);
    }
    @Data
    @AllArgsConstructor
    static class Student {
        private String name;
    }
}

打印顺序 123654
只有写入了数据才会触发出战

ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter 是按照 addLast 的顺序执行的,而ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter 是按照 addLast 的逆序执行的。ChannelPipeline 的实现是一个 ChannelHandlerContext(包装了 ChannelHandler) 组成的双向链表


image.png
new ServerBootstrap()
    .group(new NioEventLoopGroup())
    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() {
        protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) {
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter(){
                @Override
                public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
                    System.out.println(1);
                    ctx.fireChannelRead(msg); // 1
                }
            });
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter(){
                @Override
                public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
                    System.out.println(2);
                    ctx.fireChannelRead(msg); // 2
                }
            });
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter(){
                @Override
                public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
                    System.out.println(3);
                    ctx.channel().write(msg); // 3
                }
            });
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter(){
                @Override
                public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, 
                                  ChannelPromise promise) {
                    System.out.println(4);
                    ctx.write(msg, promise); // 4
                }
            });
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter(){
                @Override
                public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, 
                                  ChannelPromise promise) {
                    System.out.println(5);
                    ctx.write(msg, promise); // 5
                }
            });
            ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter(){
                @Override
                public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, 
                                  ChannelPromise promise) {
                    System.out.println(6);
                    ctx.write(msg, promise); // 6
                }
            });
        }
    })
    .bind(8080);
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