如何用100行代码构建一个多样式RecyclerView适配器
2020-07-24 本文已影响0人
seagazer
-
RecyclerView
多样式布局的框架有很多,大家熟悉已久的BaseRecyclerViewAdapterHelper
,vlayout
等等,包括google在新版本RecyclerView
中推出的MergeAdapter
,ContractAdapter
等。既然有这么多现成的框架,为什么还要去自己编写一个呢?很多时候这些框架考虑的都是常见通用性场景,在某些奇葩的产品设计需求中也许并不适用,这也是这篇文章出现的原因。 -
目前多样式适配器框架总体的设计方案有两种,一种是
BaseRecyclerViewAdapterHelper
这种极度简化开发者编写的代码量,用最简洁的方式去实现多样式。另外一种就是vlayout
这种,将每种样式设计为单独模块(子适配器),视图创建,数据绑定都在该模块内部处理,再用一个主适配器将这些子适配器进行包装关联。本文采用的是第二种设计方式。
由于代码量极少,下面就不多说了,直接贴代码:
- 视图构建器,保持原生api命名方式
<ViewTypeCreator.kt>
abstract class ViewTypeCreator<T, VH : ViewHolder> {
abstract fun onCreateViewHolder(inflater: LayoutInflater, parent: ViewGroup): VH
abstract fun onBindViewHolder(holder: VH, data: T)
abstract fun match(data: T): Boolean
open fun getItemId(position: Int) = RecyclerView.NO_ID
}
- 数据适配器
<MultiTypeAdapter.kt>
abstract class MultiTypeAdapter : RecyclerView.Adapter<ViewHolder>() {
private val dataCache: ArrayList<Class<*>> = ArrayList()
private val creatorCache: SparseArray<SparseArray<ViewTypeCreator<Any, *>>> = SparseArray()
private val viewTypeCache: SparseArray<ViewTypeCreator<Any, *>> = SparseArray()
abstract fun getData(position: Int): Any
inline fun <reified T : Any> registerCreator(creator: ViewTypeCreator<T, *>) {
registerCreatorInner(T::class.java, creator)
}
fun registerCreatorInner(clazz: Class<*>, creator: ViewTypeCreator<*, *>) {
var index = dataCache.indexOf(clazz)
if (index == -1) {
dataCache.add(clazz)
index = dataCache.size - 1
}
var cache = creatorCache[index]
if (cache == null) {
cache = SparseArray()
}
val id = System.identityHashCode(creator)
@Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
cache.put(id, creator as ViewTypeCreator<Any, *>)
creatorCache.put(index, cache)
}
override fun getItemViewType(position: Int): Int {
val data = getData(position)
val viewType = getCreatorViewType(data)
return if (viewType != -1) {
viewType
} else
super.getItemViewType(position)
}
override fun getItemId(position: Int): Long {
val itemViewType = getItemViewType(position)
val viewCreator = getViewCreatorByViewType(itemViewType)
return viewCreator.getItemId(position)
}
override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): ViewHolder {
val viewCreator: ViewTypeCreator<*, *> = getViewCreatorByViewType(viewType)
return viewCreator.onCreateViewHolder(LayoutInflater.from(parent.context), parent)
}
override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: ViewHolder, position: Int) {
val data = getData(position)
@Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
val viewCreator: ViewTypeCreator<Any, ViewHolder> =
getViewCreatorByViewType(getItemViewType(position)) as ViewTypeCreator<Any, ViewHolder>
viewCreator.onBindViewHolder(holder, data)
}
private fun getCreatorViewType(data: Any): Int {
val clazz: Class<*> = data::class.java
var viewType: Int
val index = dataCache.indexOf(clazz)
if (dataCache.size > 0 && index != -1) {
val creators: SparseArray<ViewTypeCreator<Any, *>> = creatorCache[index]
// The Data bind more than one viewTypeCreator.
if (creators.size() > 1) {
creators.forEach { id, viewCreator ->
if (viewCreator.match(data)) {
viewType = id
if (viewTypeCache.indexOfKey(viewType) < 0) {
viewTypeCache.put(viewType, viewCreator)
}
return viewType
}
}
}
// The Data only bind one viewTypeCreator.
else if (creators.size() == 1) {
viewType = creators.keyAt(0)
if (viewTypeCache.indexOfKey(viewType) < 0) {
viewTypeCache.put(viewType, creators.valueAt(0))
}
return viewType
}
}
throw RuntimeException("Current dataType [$clazz] is not found in DataTypeCache:\n$dataCache \nPlease check the Type of data for your custom creator.")
}
private fun getViewCreatorByViewType(viewType: Int): ViewTypeCreator<Any, *> {
return viewTypeCache[viewType]
}
}
好了,代码就这么多,下面简单介绍下原理:
- 视图构建器不过多介绍,主要就是抽象出视图构建的方法,这里只重点说下
match
这个方法:
fun match(data: T): Boolean
- 这里面接收一个数据类型参数,需要返回一个
Boolean
值,通常的产品设计常见一种数据类型应该是对应一种视图类型,但是就是存在这么奇葩的设计,比如返回一个Person
数据类型,如果sex
为男需要展示一种样式(左右布局:头像在左边,右边显示简介
),如果sex
为女则需要展示另一种样式(上下布局:头像在中间,下面显示简介
),这样的场景就可以这样定义两种视图:
<ManCreator.kt>
class ManCreator : ViewTypeCreator<Person, ManCreator.Holder>() {
...
override fun onCreateViewHolder(inflater: LayoutInflater, parent: ViewGroup): Holder {
return Holder(inflater.inflate(R.layout.view_type_man, parent, false))
}
// 当person为男性的时候会通过该Creator创建视图
override fun match(data: Person) = data.sex == Sex.MAN
}
<WomanCreator.kt>
class WomanCreator : ViewTypeCreator<Person, WomanCreator.Holder>() {
...
override fun onCreateViewHolder(inflater: LayoutInflater, parent: ViewGroup): Holder {
return Holder(inflater.inflate(R.layout.view_type_female, parent, false))
}
// 当person为女性的时候会通过该Creator创建视图
override fun match(data: Person) = data.sex == Sex.WOMAN
}
- 适配器,当然是继承
RecyclerView.Adapter
- 先介绍一下3个缓存:
<MultiTypeAdapter.kt>
abstract class MultiTypeAdapter : RecyclerView.Adapter<ViewHolder>() {
// 按数据顺序,存储数据类型
private val dataCache: ArrayList<Class<*>> = ArrayList()// [DataType]
// 存储ViewTypeCreator,索引为该数据类型在缓存的下标,由于一个数据类型可对应多个Creator,
// 因此使用集合存储
private val creatorCache: SparseArray<SparseArray<ViewTypeCreator<Any, *>>> = SparseArray()// DataTypeIndex - [ViewTypeCreators]
// 存储ViewTypeCreator,索引为对应的viewType,一对一的关系,该缓存是为了快速查找
private val viewTypeCache: SparseArray<ViewTypeCreator<Any, *>> = SparseArray()// ViewType - ViewTypeCreator
}
- 接下来看下注册视图构建器的方法:
<MultiTypeAdapter.kt>
// 自动读取泛型Data数据的类型进行存储
inline fun <reified T : Any> registerCreator(creator: ViewTypeCreator<T, *>) {
registerCreatorInner(T::class.java, creator)
}
fun registerCreatorInner(clazz: Class<*>, creator: ViewTypeCreator<*, *>) {
var index = dataCache.indexOf(clazz)
if (index == -1) {
// 如果没有存储过进行缓存
dataCache.add(clazz)
index = dataCache.size - 1
}
// 初始化该Data数据类型对应的ViewTypeCreator集合
var cache = creatorCache[index]
if (cache == null) {
cache = SparseArray()
}
// 构造唯一标识作为索引
val id = System.identityHashCode(creator)
@Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
cache.put(id, creator as ViewTypeCreator<Any, *>)
creatorCache.put(index, cache)
}
- 最后按照
RecyclerView.Adapter
调用流程分析下原理:
<MultiTypeAdapter.kt>
// 获取当前索引的数据
abstract fun getData(position: Int): Any
override fun getItemViewType(position: Int): Int {
val data = getData(position)// 1.获取当前索引对应的数据
val viewType = getCreatorViewType(data)// 2.根据当前数据获取ViewType
return if (viewType != -1) {
viewType
} else
super.getItemViewType(position)
}
private fun getCreatorViewType(data: Any): Int {
val clazz: Class<*> = data::class.java// 获取data数据的class类型
var viewType: Int
val index = dataCache.indexOf(clazz)// 查找出该data在缓存中的索引
if (dataCache.size > 0 && index != -1) {// 判断是否注册过该data对应的ViewTypeCreator
val creators: SparseArray<ViewTypeCreator<Any, *>> = creatorCache[index]// 获取该data对应的ViewTypeCreator集合
// The Data bind more than one viewTypeCreator.
if (creators.size() > 1) {// 一个data数据对应多种viewType
creators.forEach { id, viewCreator ->
if (viewCreator.match(data)) {// 遍历ViewTypeCreator,并且判断是否符合条件,也就是上面说的match匹配方法
viewType = id// viewType就是上面根据ViewTypeCreator实例获取到的唯一id:System.identityHashCode
if (viewTypeCache.indexOfKey(viewType) < 0) {// 如果viewTypeCache没有缓存过,则添加入缓存
viewTypeCache.put(viewType, viewCreator)// 这一级缓存是为了能够快速根据viewType查找对应的ViewTypeCreator
}
return viewType
}
}
}
// The Data only bind one viewTypeCreator.
else if (creators.size() == 1) {// 一个data数据对应一种viewType
viewType = creators.keyAt(0)
if (viewTypeCache.indexOfKey(viewType) < 0) {
viewTypeCache.put(viewType, creators.valueAt(0))
}
return viewType
}
}
throw RuntimeException("Current dataType [$clazz] is not found in DataTypeCache:\n$dataCache \nPlease check the Type of data for your custom creator.")
}
override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): ViewHolder {
// 根据viewType查找到对应的ViewTypeCreator,并且通过onCreateViewHolder构建Holer视图
val viewCreator: ViewTypeCreator<*, *> = getViewCreatorByViewType(viewType)
return viewCreator.onCreateViewHolder(LayoutInflater.from(parent.context), parent)
}
override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: ViewHolder, position: Int) {
// 根据viewType查找到对应的ViewTypeCreator,并且通过onBindViewHolder绑定数据
val data = getData(position)
@Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
val viewCreator: ViewTypeCreator<Any, ViewHolder> =
getViewCreatorByViewType(getItemViewType(position)) as ViewTypeCreator<Any, ViewHolder>
viewCreator.onBindViewHolder(holder, data)
}
// 根据viewType查找到对应的ViewTypeCreator
private fun getViewCreatorByViewType(viewType: Int): ViewTypeCreator<Any, *> {
return viewTypeCache[viewType]
}
以上就是MultiTypeAdapter
的所有代码
- 下面举个使用案例:
- 先定义一个适配器,继承
MultiTypeAdapter
class SampleAdapter : MultiTypeAdapter() {
val data = mutableListOf<Any>()
override fun getData(position: Int) = data[position]
override fun getItemCount() = data.size
}
- 定义两种展示文字和一种展示图片的
viewType
// 文字数据类型定义:包含主标题和副标题
data class Title(val mainTitle: String = "", val subTitle: String = "")
// 文字样式1
class MainTitleCreator : ViewTypeCreator<Title, MainTitleCreator.Holder>() {
class Holder(itemView: View) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView) {
val title: TextView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.main_title)
}
override fun onCreateViewHolder(inflater: LayoutInflater, parent: ViewGroup): Holder {
return Holder(inflater.inflate(R.layout.view_type_main_title, parent, false))
}
override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: Holder, data: Title) {
holder.title.text = data.mainTitle
}
override fun match(data: Title): Boolean {
return !TextUtils.isEmpty(data.mainTitle) && TextUtils.isEmpty(data.subTitle)
}
}
// 文字样式2
class SubTitleCreator : ViewTypeCreator<Title, SubTitleCreator.Holder>() {
class Holder(itemView: View) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView) {
val title: TextView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.sub_title)
}
override fun onCreateViewHolder(inflater: LayoutInflater, parent: ViewGroup): Holder {
return Holder(inflater.inflate(R.layout.view_type_sub_title, parent, false))
}
override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: Holder, data: Title) {
holder.title.text = data.subTitle
}
override fun match(data: Title): Boolean {
return !TextUtils.isEmpty(data.subTitle) && TextUtils.isEmpty(data.mainTitle)
}
}
// 图片样式
class ImageCreator : ViewTypeCreator<Int, ImageCreator.Holder>() {
class Holder(itemView: View) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView) {
val image: ImageView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.image)
}
override fun onCreateViewHolder(inflater: LayoutInflater, parent: ViewGroup): Holder {
return Holder(inflater.inflate(R.layout.view_type_image, parent, false))
}
override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: Holder, data: Int) {
holder.image.setImageResource(data)
}
override fun match(data: Int): Boolean {
return false
}
}
- 注册
viewTypeCreator
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
recycler_view.layoutManager = LinearLayoutManager(this, RecyclerView.VERTICAL, false)
val adapter = SampleAdapter()
// image type
adapter.registerCreator(ImageCreator())
// the same bean but different view type
adapter.registerCreator(MainTitleCreator())
adapter.registerCreator(SubTitleCreator())
for (i in 0..10) {
adapter.data.add(R.drawable.test)
adapter.data.add("I am string")
adapter.data.add(Title("I am MainTitle"))
adapter.data.add(Title("", "I am SubTitle"))
}
recycler_view.adapter = adapter
}
最终展示效果如下:
device-2020-07-24-103721.png如果后续产品设计新增了样式,只需要定义新的ViewTypeCreator,再注册到MultiTypeAdapter中,然后在数据集中添加对应类型的数据即可,适配器和数据,视图构建完全解耦。
可以直接远程依赖引入,项目地址:https://github.com/seagazer/multitype